Investigating the neuroprotective properties of Sargassum wightii extract against MPP+-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.

This study aims to assess the neuroprotective effects of the methanolic extract of Sargassum wightii against oxidative stress and cell death induced by neurotoxins MPP ⁺ in SH-SY5Y cells. Briefly, the methanolic extract of S.wightii decreased the cytotoxicity of MPP ⁺ in SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with S.wightii extract at a concentration of 400 µg/ml resulted in a notable decrease in cell death, particularly in MPP ⁺ -induced cells. Flow cytometry analysis with annexin V/PI staining reveals apoptosis and necrosis in SH-SY5Y cell lines upon exposure to 1 mM of MPP ⁺ . However, 100-400 µg/ml concentrations of S.wightii extract effectively decrease apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, S.wightii inhibits caspase-3 activity, effectively shielding neuronal cells against MPP ⁺ -induced cell death. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay using a JC-1 fluorescent probe indicates that the methanolic extract of S.wightii exhibits protective effects against MPP ⁺ -induced cell death and maintains mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results conclude that exposing SH-SY5Y cells to a methanolic extract of S.wightii could potentially increase the likelihood of inhibiting the cascade mechanism, stopping MPP⁺-induced apoptosis, and preventing the rupture of the mitochondrial membrane. However, the lack of low solubility and poor bioavailability reduce the therapeutic efficacy of S.wightii. Liposome-based drug delivery systems can improve the bioavailability and stability of bioactive compounds, enhancing their therapeutic potential. Hence, S.wightii may hold promise as an innovative treatment for neurological ailments.