Concept and framework of digital twin human geographical environment.

The human geographical environment is a comprehensive setting formed by the interaction between human activities and the geographical environment, characterized by its complexity and vulnerability. Applying the digital twin method to create a new research model in a human geographical environment holds significant academic and practical value. This approach helps avoid disturbances in the real environment, deeply explores complex issues, and optimizes solutions for real-world geographical problems. By reviewing the current state of research, we propose the basic concept of the digital twin human geographical environment and elaborate on its meaning. Additionally, we construct a technical framework for the digital twin human-geographical environment system. We identify the digital twin human-geographical environment as comprising the real human geographical environment, the virtual human geographical environment, and the interaction between the two. This is achieved through the twin construction and interaction of the geographical environment, human activities, and human geographical interaction, facilitating coordination and mutual enhancement between the real and virtual environments. Using the digital twin of Bailudong Academy as a case study, we demonstrate the construction methods, main functions, and result forms of a digital twin human geographical environment. Besides, this paper will provoke thoughts on the coupling of digital twins and human geographical environments, jointly promoting the development of human geography.