Comparison of tri-nanomaterial Darcy-Forchheimer flow using LNSA

Viscoelastic liquids are of great interest for industrial and engineering applications due to their unique properties. This research presents a comparative examination of tri-nanomaterial Darcy-Forchheimer flow, involving Oldroyd-B, Maxwell, and Jeffrey (OMJ) nanofluids, over a permeable stretching sheet. The analysis integrates the influences of quadratic thermal radiation, activation energy, magnetic field, and heat source. Additionally, Buongiorno’s model has been utilized along with convective thermal boundary conditions. By leveraging local non-similar approach (LNSA), the modelled highly nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which are further solved using the finite-difference-based bvp5c solver. It is determined that a rise in the Forchheimer parameter reduces the velocity field. The least and highest temperature profile is observed for Maxwell and Oldroyd-B nanofluids, respectively. It is further noted that per-unit increase in the Forchheimer parameter declines the drag coefficient by 15.43%, 23.87%, and 14.49% for Oldroyd-B, Maxwell, and Jeffrey nanofluid, respectively. As the temperature ratio raises, the heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate increase. Additionally, it is seen that the Oldroyd-B has the highest transfer rates followed by Jeffrey and Maxwell nanofluid.

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