Heat transfer and flow dynamics of methanol-based CuO and MgO hybrid nanomaterial in convergent and divergent channels: a Jeffery–Hamel flow study

The improve design and enhanced thermal management systems nowadays depends upon the enhanced heat transfer capabilities of hybrid nanofluids and their wide range of applications. These lead to efficient cooling in electronic devices, thermal control in chemical processing, and several many industrial as well as biomedical applications. The proposed study aims to enrich the heat transfer characteristic of methanol-based hybrid nanofluid comprising CuO and MgO nanoparticles in convergent and divergent channels. The study focuses on the Jeffery–Hamel flow via porous medium where the impact of heat source is analyzed. The flow behavior is characterized by the role of several pertinent factors those are derived by the implementation of similarity variables in the governing equations. These rules help in transforming the dimensional form of set of equations into non-dimensional form. Numerical solution is presented for the set of equations by using bvp4c routine function in MATLAB particularly utilizing Runge–Kutta fourth-order. However, the investigation explores the key factors such as particle concentration, Reynolds number, Darcy parameter and heat source affecting various flow characteristic. The important results indicate that the existence of CuO and MgO nanoparticles significantly overshoots the conductivity and heat transfer rate in comparison with the base fluid. Further, the fluid velocity is significantly controlled by the increasing Reynolds number.