利用蒙特利尔认知评估探索轻度认知障碍的人口患病率：加纳海岸角大都市的横断面试点研究。

IF 2 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

IBRO Neuroscience Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.11.008

David Larbi Simpong , George Nkrumah Osei , Richeal Odarko Mills , Christopher Amaleyele Anyebem , Benjamin Kofi Aikins , Charlotte Gyanwaa Melfah , Bridget Amoanimaa Osei , Ansumana Bockarie

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景：预计全球痴呆症患病率将上升，特别是在加纳等低收入和中等收入国家。轻度认知障碍（Mild cognitive impairment， MCI）是介于正常认知老化和痴呆之间的一个中间阶段，其特征是客观和主观认知能力的下降。患有轻度认知障碍的个体更有可能发展为痴呆症。目的：在加纳人群中，很少有研究集中于评估轻度认知障碍的患病率、危险因素和特征。本研究评估了轻度认知障碍的患病率，并探讨了其与各种社会人口因素的关系。方法：在加纳海岸角进行前瞻性横断面分析研究，使用蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）工具评估100名参与者的认知。使用简单的描述性措施确定MCI的患病率。采用双向方差分析确定发生轻度认知损伤的危险因素。采用Pearson相关系数确定受教育程度与MoCA评分之间的关系。结果：在40-49岁年龄组中，大多数参与者（65.4 %）有轻度认知障碍。42.86 %的男性和40.54 %的女性患有MCI （MoCA评分< 26）。被试受教育程度与MoCA得分之间存在显著相关（r= 0.608, p= 0.0001）。根据MoCA分数被归类为轻度认知障碍的参与者，在视觉空间、注意力、语言、抽象和延迟回忆领域的表现明显低于认知正常的人。结论：MoCA工具对于检测MCI非常有用，特别是在接受过至少7年正规教育的加纳人中。在海岸角大都会40-49岁人群中，轻度认知损伤的患病率是一个重要的健康负担。

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Exploration of demographic prevalence of mild cognitive impairment using Montreal cognitive assessment: A cross-sectional pilot study in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana.

Background

The Global prevalence of dementia is projected to rise, particularly in low and middle-income countries like Ghana. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an intermediate phase between normal cognitive aging and dementia, is characterized by an objective and subjective decline in cognitive abilities. Individuals with MCI have a greater likelihood of progression to dementia.

Purpose

There is a paucity of studies focused on assessing the prevalence, risk factors and characteristics of mild cognitive impairment within the Ghanaian population. This study assessed the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and explored its relationship with various sociodemographic factors.

Methods

A prospective cross-sectional analytical study within Cape Coast, Ghana, evaluating the cognition of 100 participants using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool. The prevalence of MCI was determined using simple descriptive measures. The two-way ANOVA was used to determine risk factors for developing MCI. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between educational level and MoCA score.

Results

A majority (65.4 %) of participants within the age group 40–49 years had mild cognitive impairment. 42.86 % of male and 40.54 % of female participants had MCI (MoCA score < 26). There was a significant correlation (r= 0.608, p= 0.0001) between the educational level of participants and the MoCA score. Participants classified as having MCI based on their MoCA score, performed significantly poorer in visuospatial, attention, language, abstraction and delayed recall domains compared to those with normal cognition.

Conclusion

The MoCA tool is a useful for detecting MCI, particularly among Ghanaians with at least 7 years of formal education. The prevalence of MCI among individuals aged 40–49 years in the Cape Coast Metropolis represents an important health burden.

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