Trans-bronchial forceps biopsy for COVID-19 related diffuse parenchymal lung abnormalities.

Purpose: The role of lung biopsy for evaluation of persistent chest radiographic abnormalities including secondary organizing pneumonia (OP) in COVID-19 remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of trans-bronchial forceps biopsy (TBFB) in patients with persistent lung abnormalities on thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan following SARS-CoV-2 infection with particular focus on cases with OP and immunocompromised (IC) patients.

Methods: Descriptive retrospective single center analysis of all TBFB performed for diffuse lung parenchymal changes after COVID-19 03-2020 to 06-2023.

Results: Twenty seven consecutive TBFB including 23 in IC patients resulted in 100% samples with alveolar tissue showing a high frequency of 12/27 (44%) histological pattern of OP. Steroids were used in 21/27 patients (78%) including 11/12 (92%) with OP. Clinical outcome at discharge was favorable in 89% (92% with OP).

Conclusion: TBFB contributes to the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung abnormalities in the context of COVID-19 including a frequent OP pattern particularly in IC patients. Larger studies are necessary to confirm our data and elucidate on the optimal steroid treatment modality.

Trial registration: Clinical trial number: not applicable. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden (BO-EK-309072023). Waiver of informed consent was granted because of the retrospective nature of the study.