Samrawit Gebeyehu, Bradley Heins, Tad Sonstegard, Johann Sölkner, Gábor Mészáros, Amadou Traoré, Albert Soudré
{"title":"非洲牛磺酸和Zebu牛品种SLICK等位基因分析。","authors":"Samrawit Gebeyehu, Bradley Heins, Tad Sonstegard, Johann Sölkner, Gábor Mészáros, Amadou Traoré, Albert Soudré","doi":"10.1111/age.13499","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The SLICK trait enhances heat tolerance by modifying physiological traits, such as improving sweating ability, and is phenotypically expressed as short and sleek coats (Davis et al., <span>2016</span>; Olson et al., <span>2003</span>). The SLICK coat trait in cattle is attributed to six naturally occurring truncation mutations in the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene on bovine chromosome 20 (Flórez et al., <span>2020</span>; Sosa et al., <span>2021</span>). This results in frameshift mutations in the PRLR gene, particularly in exons 10 and 11, which disrupt the open reading frame, and leads to truncated receptor proteins that confer the SLICK phenotype (Davis et al., <span>2017</span>; Porto-Neto et al., <span>2018</span>). These mutations have been identified in many South American breeds, such as Senepol, Carora and Limonero, and the trait is inherited in an autosomal-dominant manner (Flórez et al., <span>2020</span>; Flórez Murillo et al., <span>2024</span>; Nicholas et al., <span>2024</span>; Olson et al., <span>2003</span>). The mutation was first identified in Criollo breeds: the Mexican Criollo Lechero has SLICK3 and SLICK4 at frequencies of 0.9 and 0.03; the Colombian Blanco Orejineg has SLICK1 and SLICK5 at frequencies of 0.50 and 0.38; and the Hartón del Valle has SLICK1, SLICK2, SLICK5 and SLICK6 at frequencies of 0.29, 0.18, 0.24 and 0.21 respectively (Flórez et al., <span>2020</span>). Although the allelic frequency of the mutation is relatively low in some Criollo breeds, the autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern ensures that individuals carrying at least one copy of a SLICK allele exhibit the phenotype.</p><p>The SLICK allele is well documented in Criollo breeds of the Caribbean Basin, descended from Iberian taurine cattle (Flórez et al., <span>2020</span>; Porto-Neto et al., <span>2018</span>). The allele may also exist in African breeds because these cattle have environmental stressors similar to those of Criollo breeds. However, the specific SLICK mutation in African taurine cattle has not been identified (Xia et al., <span>2023</span>). Although African cattle possess various tropical adaptations, it is unknown whether they exhibit the SLICK phenotype. Investigation of the presence and frequency of SLICK alleles in West African breeds is crucial for understanding the origins of these mutations and their potential application in breeding programs to enhance adaptability, productivity and resilience in tropical dairy systems. The study evaluated SLICK-causing mutations in African breeds compared with Criollo breeds. No SLICK mutations were found in a panel of 1063 genomic DNA samples from 40 breeds across 15 ecotypes, including 126 African taurine samples (Sonstegard et al., <span>2025</span>). Genotyping of SLICK mutations (1–5) was done with iPlex assays (Geneseek, Lincoln, NE, USA). Allele frequencies were determined for four Criollo breeds (Mexican Criollo Lechero tropical, <i>n</i> = 20; Colombian Blanco Orejinegro, <i>n</i> = 40; Hartón del Valle, <i>n</i> = 71; Caracu, <i>n</i> = 29), four Zebu breeds (Brahman, <i>n</i> = 5; Bunaji, <i>n</i> = 30; Gir, <i>n</i> = 245; West African Zebucross, <i>n</i> = 50), two West African taurine breeds (Muturu, <i>n</i> = 30; Baoulé, <i>n</i> = 96), and one Sanga breed (Mashona, <i>n</i> = 37).</p><p>The genotypic analysis found the presence of the SLICK2 variant in West African taurine and Zebu crossbred cattle (Table 1). This study is the first to report the presence of SLICK2 alleles in West African cattle, which makes it a novel finding that expands our understanding of cattle genetics in Africa. Despite the relatively low allelic frequency of the mutation, the autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern ensures that individuals carrying at least one copy of a SLICK allele exhibit the phenotype. The discovery of SLICK2 alleles in Burkina Faso suggests two possible scenarios for the variant: it originated in Africa or was brought to Africa from South America during colonial trading times. The prevalence of SLICK alleles is highest in Criollo breeds, which are known carriers of multiple heat-tolerance variants. Notably, the HV breed uniquely carries both SLICK1 and SLICK5, independent genetic variations contributing to the same phenotype (Porto-Neto et al., <span>2018</span>). The finding underscores the potential value of incorporating SLICK alleles into African breeding programs, offering a promising avenue for enhancing thermotolerance and productivity in tropical systems. This could significantly improve the resilience and adaptability of African cattle, providing a clear motivation for further research and application.</p><p><b>Samrawit Gebeyehu:</b> Investigation; writing – original draft; validation; visualization; writing – review and editing; data curation; software; resources; formal analysis; methodology. <b>Bradley Heins:</b> Investigation; writing – review and editing; validation; visualization; software; supervision; resources; formal analysis; methodology. <b>Tad Sonstegard:</b> Conceptualization; investigation; funding acquisition; validation; writing – review and editing; project administration; formal analysis; methodology; data curation; resources. <b>Johann Sölkner:</b> Investigation; writing – review and editing; resources. <b>Gábor Mészáros:</b> Resources; writing – review and editing; investigation. <b>Amadou Traoré:</b> Investigation; writing – review and editing; resources. <b>Albert Soudré:</b> Investigation; writing – review and editing; resources.</p><p>This study was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-004986).</p><p>Tad Sonstegard is an employee of Recombinetics. Recombinetics is licensed to use DNA markers to determine SLICK alleles.</p>","PeriodicalId":7905,"journal":{"name":"Animal genetics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664028/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Analysis of SLICK allele in African taurine and Zebu cattle breeds\",\"authors\":\"Samrawit Gebeyehu, Bradley Heins, Tad Sonstegard, Johann Sölkner, Gábor Mészáros, Amadou Traoré, Albert Soudré\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/age.13499\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>The SLICK trait enhances heat tolerance by modifying physiological traits, such as improving sweating ability, and is phenotypically expressed as short and sleek coats (Davis et al., <span>2016</span>; Olson et al., <span>2003</span>). The SLICK coat trait in cattle is attributed to six naturally occurring truncation mutations in the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene on bovine chromosome 20 (Flórez et al., <span>2020</span>; Sosa et al., <span>2021</span>). This results in frameshift mutations in the PRLR gene, particularly in exons 10 and 11, which disrupt the open reading frame, and leads to truncated receptor proteins that confer the SLICK phenotype (Davis et al., <span>2017</span>; Porto-Neto et al., <span>2018</span>). These mutations have been identified in many South American breeds, such as Senepol, Carora and Limonero, and the trait is inherited in an autosomal-dominant manner (Flórez et al., <span>2020</span>; Flórez Murillo et al., <span>2024</span>; Nicholas et al., <span>2024</span>; Olson et al., <span>2003</span>). The mutation was first identified in Criollo breeds: the Mexican Criollo Lechero has SLICK3 and SLICK4 at frequencies of 0.9 and 0.03; the Colombian Blanco Orejineg has SLICK1 and SLICK5 at frequencies of 0.50 and 0.38; and the Hartón del Valle has SLICK1, SLICK2, SLICK5 and SLICK6 at frequencies of 0.29, 0.18, 0.24 and 0.21 respectively (Flórez et al., <span>2020</span>). Although the allelic frequency of the mutation is relatively low in some Criollo breeds, the autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern ensures that individuals carrying at least one copy of a SLICK allele exhibit the phenotype.</p><p>The SLICK allele is well documented in Criollo breeds of the Caribbean Basin, descended from Iberian taurine cattle (Flórez et al., <span>2020</span>; Porto-Neto et al., <span>2018</span>). The allele may also exist in African breeds because these cattle have environmental stressors similar to those of Criollo breeds. However, the specific SLICK mutation in African taurine cattle has not been identified (Xia et al., <span>2023</span>). Although African cattle possess various tropical adaptations, it is unknown whether they exhibit the SLICK phenotype. Investigation of the presence and frequency of SLICK alleles in West African breeds is crucial for understanding the origins of these mutations and their potential application in breeding programs to enhance adaptability, productivity and resilience in tropical dairy systems. The study evaluated SLICK-causing mutations in African breeds compared with Criollo breeds. No SLICK mutations were found in a panel of 1063 genomic DNA samples from 40 breeds across 15 ecotypes, including 126 African taurine samples (Sonstegard et al., <span>2025</span>). Genotyping of SLICK mutations (1–5) was done with iPlex assays (Geneseek, Lincoln, NE, USA). Allele frequencies were determined for four Criollo breeds (Mexican Criollo Lechero tropical, <i>n</i> = 20; Colombian Blanco Orejinegro, <i>n</i> = 40; Hartón del Valle, <i>n</i> = 71; Caracu, <i>n</i> = 29), four Zebu breeds (Brahman, <i>n</i> = 5; Bunaji, <i>n</i> = 30; Gir, <i>n</i> = 245; West African Zebucross, <i>n</i> = 50), two West African taurine breeds (Muturu, <i>n</i> = 30; Baoulé, <i>n</i> = 96), and one Sanga breed (Mashona, <i>n</i> = 37).</p><p>The genotypic analysis found the presence of the SLICK2 variant in West African taurine and Zebu crossbred cattle (Table 1). This study is the first to report the presence of SLICK2 alleles in West African cattle, which makes it a novel finding that expands our understanding of cattle genetics in Africa. Despite the relatively low allelic frequency of the mutation, the autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern ensures that individuals carrying at least one copy of a SLICK allele exhibit the phenotype. The discovery of SLICK2 alleles in Burkina Faso suggests two possible scenarios for the variant: it originated in Africa or was brought to Africa from South America during colonial trading times. The prevalence of SLICK alleles is highest in Criollo breeds, which are known carriers of multiple heat-tolerance variants. Notably, the HV breed uniquely carries both SLICK1 and SLICK5, independent genetic variations contributing to the same phenotype (Porto-Neto et al., <span>2018</span>). The finding underscores the potential value of incorporating SLICK alleles into African breeding programs, offering a promising avenue for enhancing thermotolerance and productivity in tropical systems. This could significantly improve the resilience and adaptability of African cattle, providing a clear motivation for further research and application.</p><p><b>Samrawit Gebeyehu:</b> Investigation; writing – original draft; validation; visualization; writing – review and editing; data curation; software; resources; formal analysis; methodology. <b>Bradley Heins:</b> Investigation; writing – review and editing; validation; visualization; software; supervision; resources; formal analysis; methodology. <b>Tad Sonstegard:</b> Conceptualization; investigation; funding acquisition; validation; writing – review and editing; project administration; formal analysis; methodology; data curation; resources. <b>Johann Sölkner:</b> Investigation; writing – review and editing; resources. <b>Gábor Mészáros:</b> Resources; writing – review and editing; investigation. <b>Amadou Traoré:</b> Investigation; writing – review and editing; resources. <b>Albert Soudré:</b> Investigation; writing – review and editing; resources.</p><p>This study was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-004986).</p><p>Tad Sonstegard is an employee of Recombinetics. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
SLICK性状通过改变生理性状(如提高出汗能力)来增强耐热性,其表型表现为短而光滑的被毛(Davis等人,2016;Olson et al., 2003)。牛的光滑被毛性状归因于牛20号染色体上泌乳素受体(PRLR)基因的六个自然发生的截断突变(Flórez et al., 2020;Sosa et al., 2021)。这导致PRLR基因发生移码突变,特别是外显子10和11,这会破坏开放阅读框,并导致受体蛋白截断,从而赋予SLICK表型(Davis等人,2017;Porto-Neto等人,2018)。这些突变已在许多南美品种中被发现,如Senepol、Carora和Limonero,并且该性状以常染色体显性方式遗传(Flórez等人,2020;Flórez Murillo et al., 2024;Nicholas et al., 2024;Olson et al., 2003)。该突变首先在Criollo品种中被发现:墨西哥Criollo Lechero具有SLICK3和SLICK4,频率分别为0.9和0.03;哥伦比亚Blanco Orejineg的SLICK1和SLICK5的频率分别为0.50和0.38;而Hartón del Valle的SLICK1、SLICK2、SLICK5和SLICK6的频率分别为0.29、0.18、0.24和0.21 (Flórez et al., 2020)。尽管在一些克里奥罗品种中突变的等位基因频率相对较低,但常染色体显性遗传模式确保携带至少一个SLICK等位基因拷贝的个体表现出这种表型。SLICK等位基因在加勒比海盆地的Criollo品种中有很好的记录,它们是伊比利亚牛磺酸牛的后裔(Flórez et al., 2020;Porto-Neto等人,2018)。这种等位基因也可能存在于非洲品种中,因为这些牛具有与克里奥罗品种相似的环境压力源。然而,非洲牛磺酸牛中特定的SLICK突变尚未被确定(Xia et al., 2023)。尽管非洲牛具有各种热带适应性,但尚不清楚它们是否表现出SLICK表型。调查西非奶牛品种中SLICK等位基因的存在和频率对于了解这些突变的起源及其在育种计划中的潜在应用至关重要,从而提高热带奶牛系统的适应性、生产力和恢复力。该研究评估了非洲品种与克里奥罗品种中引起slick的突变。在来自15个生态型40个品种的1063个基因组DNA样本中未发现SLICK突变,其中包括126个非洲牛磺酸样本(Sonstegard et al., 2025)。采用iPlex法(Geneseek, Lincoln, NE, USA)对SLICK突变(1-5)进行基因分型。测定了4个Criollo品种的等位基因频率(墨西哥Criollo Lechero热带品种,n = 20;哥伦比亚Blanco Orejinegro, n = 40;Hartón del Valle, n = 71;卡拉库,n = 29),四个Zebu品种(婆罗门,n = 5;Bunaji, n = 30;女孩,n = 245;西非斑马,n = 50),两个西非牛磺酸品种(Muturu, n = 30;baoul<s:1>, n = 96)和一个Sanga品种(masona, n = 37)。基因型分析发现,西非牛磺酸和Zebu杂交牛中存在SLICK2变异(表1)。这项研究首次报道了西非牛中存在SLICK2等位基因,这是一个新的发现,扩大了我们对非洲牛遗传学的理解。尽管突变的等位基因频率相对较低,但常染色体显性遗传模式确保携带至少一个SLICK等位基因拷贝的个体表现出这种表型。在布基纳法索发现的SLICK2等位基因表明,这种变异有两种可能:它起源于非洲,或者是在殖民贸易时期从南美洲带到非洲的。在Criollo品种中,SLICK等位基因的流行率最高,这是已知的多种耐热变异体的携带者。值得注意的是,HV品种独特地携带SLICK1和SLICK5,这是导致相同表型的独立遗传变异(Porto-Neto et al., 2018)。这一发现强调了将SLICK等位基因纳入非洲育种计划的潜在价值,为提高热带系统的耐热性和生产力提供了一条有希望的途径。这可以显著提高非洲牛的恢复力和适应性,为进一步的研究和应用提供了明确的动力。Samrawit Gebeyehu:调查;写作——原稿;验证;可视化;写作——审阅和编辑;数据管理;软件;资源;正式的分析;方法。布拉德利·海因斯:调查;写作——审阅和编辑;验证;可视化;软件;监督;资源;正式的分析;方法。Tad Sonstegard:概念化;调查;资金收购;验证;写作——审阅和编辑;项目管理;正式的分析;方法;数据管理;资源。约翰Sölkner:调查;写作——审阅和编辑;资源。 Gábor Mészáros:资源;写作——审阅和编辑;调查。Amadou traoroe:调查;写作——审阅和编辑;资源。艾伯特:调查;写作——审阅和编辑;资源。本研究由比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会(INV-004986)资助。泰德·桑斯蒂加德是重组公司的员工。Recombinetics被授权使用DNA标记来确定SLICK等位基因。
Analysis of SLICK allele in African taurine and Zebu cattle breeds
The SLICK trait enhances heat tolerance by modifying physiological traits, such as improving sweating ability, and is phenotypically expressed as short and sleek coats (Davis et al., 2016; Olson et al., 2003). The SLICK coat trait in cattle is attributed to six naturally occurring truncation mutations in the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene on bovine chromosome 20 (Flórez et al., 2020; Sosa et al., 2021). This results in frameshift mutations in the PRLR gene, particularly in exons 10 and 11, which disrupt the open reading frame, and leads to truncated receptor proteins that confer the SLICK phenotype (Davis et al., 2017; Porto-Neto et al., 2018). These mutations have been identified in many South American breeds, such as Senepol, Carora and Limonero, and the trait is inherited in an autosomal-dominant manner (Flórez et al., 2020; Flórez Murillo et al., 2024; Nicholas et al., 2024; Olson et al., 2003). The mutation was first identified in Criollo breeds: the Mexican Criollo Lechero has SLICK3 and SLICK4 at frequencies of 0.9 and 0.03; the Colombian Blanco Orejineg has SLICK1 and SLICK5 at frequencies of 0.50 and 0.38; and the Hartón del Valle has SLICK1, SLICK2, SLICK5 and SLICK6 at frequencies of 0.29, 0.18, 0.24 and 0.21 respectively (Flórez et al., 2020). Although the allelic frequency of the mutation is relatively low in some Criollo breeds, the autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern ensures that individuals carrying at least one copy of a SLICK allele exhibit the phenotype.
The SLICK allele is well documented in Criollo breeds of the Caribbean Basin, descended from Iberian taurine cattle (Flórez et al., 2020; Porto-Neto et al., 2018). The allele may also exist in African breeds because these cattle have environmental stressors similar to those of Criollo breeds. However, the specific SLICK mutation in African taurine cattle has not been identified (Xia et al., 2023). Although African cattle possess various tropical adaptations, it is unknown whether they exhibit the SLICK phenotype. Investigation of the presence and frequency of SLICK alleles in West African breeds is crucial for understanding the origins of these mutations and their potential application in breeding programs to enhance adaptability, productivity and resilience in tropical dairy systems. The study evaluated SLICK-causing mutations in African breeds compared with Criollo breeds. No SLICK mutations were found in a panel of 1063 genomic DNA samples from 40 breeds across 15 ecotypes, including 126 African taurine samples (Sonstegard et al., 2025). Genotyping of SLICK mutations (1–5) was done with iPlex assays (Geneseek, Lincoln, NE, USA). Allele frequencies were determined for four Criollo breeds (Mexican Criollo Lechero tropical, n = 20; Colombian Blanco Orejinegro, n = 40; Hartón del Valle, n = 71; Caracu, n = 29), four Zebu breeds (Brahman, n = 5; Bunaji, n = 30; Gir, n = 245; West African Zebucross, n = 50), two West African taurine breeds (Muturu, n = 30; Baoulé, n = 96), and one Sanga breed (Mashona, n = 37).
The genotypic analysis found the presence of the SLICK2 variant in West African taurine and Zebu crossbred cattle (Table 1). This study is the first to report the presence of SLICK2 alleles in West African cattle, which makes it a novel finding that expands our understanding of cattle genetics in Africa. Despite the relatively low allelic frequency of the mutation, the autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern ensures that individuals carrying at least one copy of a SLICK allele exhibit the phenotype. The discovery of SLICK2 alleles in Burkina Faso suggests two possible scenarios for the variant: it originated in Africa or was brought to Africa from South America during colonial trading times. The prevalence of SLICK alleles is highest in Criollo breeds, which are known carriers of multiple heat-tolerance variants. Notably, the HV breed uniquely carries both SLICK1 and SLICK5, independent genetic variations contributing to the same phenotype (Porto-Neto et al., 2018). The finding underscores the potential value of incorporating SLICK alleles into African breeding programs, offering a promising avenue for enhancing thermotolerance and productivity in tropical systems. This could significantly improve the resilience and adaptability of African cattle, providing a clear motivation for further research and application.
Samrawit Gebeyehu: Investigation; writing – original draft; validation; visualization; writing – review and editing; data curation; software; resources; formal analysis; methodology. Bradley Heins: Investigation; writing – review and editing; validation; visualization; software; supervision; resources; formal analysis; methodology. Tad Sonstegard: Conceptualization; investigation; funding acquisition; validation; writing – review and editing; project administration; formal analysis; methodology; data curation; resources. Johann Sölkner: Investigation; writing – review and editing; resources. Gábor Mészáros: Resources; writing – review and editing; investigation. Amadou Traoré: Investigation; writing – review and editing; resources. Albert Soudré: Investigation; writing – review and editing; resources.
This study was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-004986).
Tad Sonstegard is an employee of Recombinetics. Recombinetics is licensed to use DNA markers to determine SLICK alleles.
期刊介绍:
Animal Genetics reports frontline research on immunogenetics, molecular genetics and functional genomics of economically important and domesticated animals. Publications include the study of variability at gene and protein levels, mapping of genes, traits and QTLs, associations between genes and traits, genetic diversity, and characterization of gene or protein expression and control related to phenotypic or genetic variation.
The journal publishes full-length articles, short communications and brief notes, as well as commissioned and submitted mini-reviews on issues of interest to Animal Genetics readers.