The Ethonomedical Profiles and Pharmacological Properties of Phytochemicals From Curcuma longa Linn. - A Decade Update

The rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant (Zingiberaceae family) turmeric (Curcuma longa) contains curcumin as a major pharmacologically active phytochemical which can alleviate many serious health issues such as inflammation, diabetics, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, hepatobiliary illness, diarrhea, gastric and peptic ulcers, and psoriasis. Its origins trace back to India, yet it's extensively grown in regions like China, Sri Lanka, West, and East Africa, as well as other tropical nations. Referred to as Jianghuang or Huangjiang in China, this plant plays a significant role in Chinese traditional medicine (TCM) for therapeutic purposes. Recent study also reported that Curcuma longa bioactive substances possess neuroprotective activity, antiobesity activity, cardio protective activity, antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activities. The various bioactive phytochemicals present in C. longa is the hallmark of its bioactivity. Various in vitro and in vivo studies on C. longa in the animal model supports its ethonomedical activities of its numerous phytochemical constituents. Still the proper analysis of its fluctuating prospective is not applied into the emerging innovative treatments in finest situation. The full exploitation of the application and mechanism of action of various biologically active phytochemicals of C. longa has to be done. Although, human medical trials and quality control studies are essential to determine the adequate and innocuous quantity of C. longa and its key phytochemical curcumin along with other pharmacologically active phytochemicals for the management of various health issues. This review will offer platforms to the pharmaceutical industries to improve pharmaceutical materials based on turmeric. The added advantage is that the turmeric-based natural products are safe, nontoxic, inexpensive, and widely available.