Stability Optimization for Perovskite Solar Cells with Two-Dimensional Materials

Metal halide perovskites, an emerging photovoltaic material, have attracted significant attention in the industry and academia due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, perovskite solar cells’ (PSCs) stability has become the biggest obstacle to commercialization despite the progress in their commercial development. Interface engineering, doping, and novel charge-transport materials are effective approaches to enhance the stability of PSCs. Since discovering graphene as a single-layer material, researchers have favored two-dimensional (2D) materials for their outstanding physical and chemical properties. In the continuous development of PSCs, 2D materials offer tunable functional groups, tunable energy levels, high charge transfer capabilities, and extraordinary physical characteristics such as thermal conductivity and hydrophobicity. They serve as effective materials to improve the stability of PSCs. Different types of 2D materials may exhibit unprecedented effects through different functional designs. In this review, the specific mechanisms through which 2D materials enhance the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are focused on and recent advancements in improving PSC stability across various dimensions are summarized, including photo, thermal, and environmental stability, and the potential applications of different types of 2D materials are discussed. Finally, insights are offered into addressing stability-related challenges in PSCs. This comprehensive approach aims to guide future research efforts in optimizing both the stability and performance of PSCs through the integration of 2D materials.