Thomas Lerenard, Sophie Aligon, Pascal Poupard, Josiane Le Corff
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引用次数: 0
摘要
有益微生物的生物防治被认为是减少使用化学杀菌剂的最佳替代方法之一。然而,管理作物病害的可靠而高效的解决方案仍然有限,对于种子传播的真菌病原体来说尤其如此。作为鉴定潜在生物防治剂(BCA)的第一步,研究人员开发了一种植物体内的新方法,用于防治芸苔属作物的一种问题真菌病害--黄铜疫霉(Alternaria brassicicola)。该方法用于评估毛霉菌(Trichoderma viridarium)对该病原体传播到草履虫(Capsella bursa-pastoris)种子的拮抗活性。在体外,毛霉菌(T. viridarium)对铜绿菌(A. brassicicola)的抑制作用和过度生长表明其具有真菌寄生性,显微镜观察证实了这一点。在植物体中,将 T. viridarium 和 A. brassicicola 共同接种到法氏囊属植物的纤丝体上,并对每种真菌的种子传播情况进行评估。与单独接种 A. brassicicola 相比,在接种 A. brassicicola 24 小时前接种 T. viridarium 能显著减少病原体向种子的传播近 70%。T.viridarium能够减少黄刺菌的种子传播,为传统杀菌剂提供了一种很有前景的替代品。不过,为了开发可靠的生物防治策略,未来的研究应侧重于 T. viridarium、黄刺菌和寄主植物之间相互作用的基本机制。
In Planta Inoculation of Trichoderma viridarium Reduces Seed Transmission of the Fungal Pathogen Alternaria brassicicola
Biological control by beneficial microorganisms is considered as one of the best alternatives to decrease the use of chemical fungicides. However, reliable and efficient solutions to manage crop diseases are still limited, and this is particularly true for seedborne fungal pathogens. As a first step towards identification of potential biological control agents (BCAs), a new methodological approach in planta was developed to control Alternaria brassicicola, a problematic fungal disease of Brassica crops. The method was used to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma viridarium on transmission of the pathogen to seeds of Capsella bursa-pastoris (sheperd's purse). In vitro, inhibition of A. brassicicola and overgrowth by T. viridarium suggested mycoparasitism, which was confirmed by microscopical observations. In planta, siliques of C. bursa pastoris were co-inoculated with T. viridarium and A. brassicicola and seed transmission of each fungal species was evaluated. Pre-inoculation of T. viridarium 24 h before A. brassicicola significantly reduced the transmission of the pathogen to the seeds by almost 70%, compared with inoculation of A. brassicicola alone. The capacity of T. viridarium to reduce A. brassicicola seed transmission offers a promising alternative to conventional fungicides. However, in order to develop reliable biocontrol strategies, future research should focus on the underlying mechanisms involved in the interactions between T. viridarium, A. brassicicola and the host plant.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Phytopathology publishes original and review articles on all scientific aspects of applied phytopathology in agricultural and horticultural crops. Preference is given to contributions improving our understanding of the biotic and abiotic determinants of plant diseases, including epidemics and damage potential, as a basis for innovative disease management, modelling and forecasting. This includes practical aspects and the development of methods for disease diagnosis as well as infection bioassays.
Studies at the population, organism, physiological, biochemical and molecular genetic level are welcome. The journal scope comprises the pathology and epidemiology of plant diseases caused by microbial pathogens, viruses and nematodes.
Accepted papers should advance our conceptual knowledge of plant diseases, rather than presenting descriptive or screening data unrelated to phytopathological mechanisms or functions. Results from unrepeated experimental conditions or data with no or inappropriate statistical processing will not be considered. Authors are encouraged to look at past issues to ensure adherence to the standards of the journal.