用于骨组织工程和类器官增强细胞整合和血管化的电纺丝聚合物和杂交支架策略。

Martyna Polak, Joanna Ewa Karbowniczek, Urszula Stachewicz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为了解决对骨替代品的需求,组织工程响应了世界范围内骨科手术的高度流行和传统组织重建技术的局限性。材料、细胞和生长因子构成骨组织工程的核心要素,影响再生治疗中至关重要的细胞行为。支架设计,包括结构特征和孔隙度,显著影响细胞渗透、增殖、分化和血管化。本文综述了在生物支架制造的背景下骨的层次结构和新生血管的过程。我们专注于静电纺丝及其在支架制造中的作用,以改善支架的性能,从而进一步增强组织再生,例如,通过促进氧气和营养物质的输送。我们强调了支架设计如何通过模拟细胞外基质(ECM)影响成骨和再生治疗的整体成功。此外,我们还探索了骨类器官的新兴领域——来自干细胞的自组装三维(3D)结构,可以复制天然骨组织的结构和功能。虽然骨类器官在骨疾病建模和促进再生治疗方面具有巨大的潜力,但它们的主要限制仍然是血管化不足。因此,我们评估了血管前期形成的创新策略,并讨论了评估和改善支架和类器官血管形成的最新技术,展示了最常用的细胞系和生物模型。此外,我们分析了评估血管化的前沿技术,评估了它们的优点和缺点,提出了复杂的解决方案。最后,通过整合这些方法,我们的目标是推进生物活性材料的发展,促进成功的骨再生。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Strategies in Electrospun Polymer and Hybrid Scaffolds for Enhanced Cell Integration and Vascularization for Bone Tissue Engineering and Organoids.

Addressing the demand for bone substitutes, tissue engineering responds to the high prevalence of orthopedic surgeries worldwide and the limitations of conventional tissue reconstruction techniques. Materials, cells, and growth factors constitute the core elements in bone tissue engineering, influencing cellular behavior crucial for regenerative treatments. Scaffold design, including architectural features and porosity, significantly impacts cellular penetration, proliferation, differentiation, and vascularization. This review discusses the hierarchical structure of bone and the process of neovascularization in the context of biofabrication of scaffolds. We focus on the role of electrospinning and its modifications in scaffold fabrication to improve scaffold properties to enhance further tissue regeneration, for example, by boosting oxygen and nutrient delivery. We highlight how scaffold design impacts osteogenesis and the overall success of regenerative treatments by mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM). Additionally, we explore the emerging field of bone organoids-self-assembled, three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from stem cells that replicate native bone tissue's architecture and functionality. While bone organoids hold immense potential for modeling bone diseases and facilitating regenerative treatments, their main limitation remains insufficient vascularization. Hence, we evaluate innovative strategies for pre-vascularization and discuss the latest techniques for assessing and improving vascularization in both scaffolds and organoids presenting the most commonly used cell lines and biological models. Moreover, we analyze cutting-edge techniques for assessing vascularization, evaluating their advantages and drawbacks to propose complex solutions. Finally, by integrating these approaches, we aim to advance the development of bioactive materials that promote successful bone regeneration.

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