2023/24季节西班牙北部流感疫苗接种预防确诊流感病例和住院的有效性：一项基于人群的检测阴性病例对照研究

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107364

Iván Martínez-Baz , Ana Navascués , Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín , Francisco Pozo , Miguel Fernández-Huerta , Maddi Olazabal-Arruiz , Lucía Argente-Colas , Guillermo Ezpeleta , Aitziber Echeverria , Itziar Casado , Carmen Ezpeleta , Jesús Castilla

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的：评估2023/24季节流感疫苗接种在预防流感就诊和住院方面的有效性。方法：两项检测阴性的病例对照研究分析了西班牙纳瓦拉地区2023/24季节就诊于初级卫生保健机构或因呼吸道症状住院并采用PCR检测流感的患者。在流感确诊病例和检测阴性对照之间比较了当前和以往流感季节的流感疫苗接种状况。IVE计算为（1校正优势比）x100。结果：3133例住院患者中，529例（17%）流感阳性：71%为A/H1N1, 23%为A/H3N2, 7%为A非亚型。预防住院的IVE总体为43% (95%CI: 26-56%)， 65岁以下人群为61% (95%CI: 32-77%)，老年人为35% （95%CI: 10-53%）。甲型H1N1流感的IVE为48% (95%CI: 30-61%)，甲型H3N2流感的IVE为15% （95%CI: -42-49%）。仅在上一季接种过疫苗的人群中感染IVE的比例为28%（95%置信区间：-5-51%）。在417名门诊患者中，有146名（35%）确诊为流感。总体预防门诊病例的IVE为49% (95%CI: -9-76%)，预防甲型H1N1流感的IVE为42% （95%CI: -33-74%）。结论：2023/24流感季，IVE对甲型H1N1流感呈中等水平，对甲型H3N2流感呈低水平。

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Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing confirmed influenza cases and hospitalizations in Northern Spain, 2023/24 season: A population-based test-negative case-control study

Objective

We estimated the influenza vaccination effectiveness (IVE) in preventing medical consultations and hospitalizations due to influenza during the 2023/24 season.

Methods

Two test-negative case-control studies analyzed patients who consulted primary healthcare or were hospitalized for respiratory symptoms and were tested for influenza by PCR in the 2023/24 season in Navarre, Spain. Influenza vaccination status in the current and previous seasons was compared between confirmed influenza cases and test-negative controls. IVE was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio)×100.

Results

Of 3133 hospitalized patients, 529 (17%) were positive for influenza: 71% A/H1N1, 23% A/H3N2, and 7% A nonsubtyped. IVE to prevent hospitalizations was 43% (95%CI: 26%, 56%) overall, 61% (95%CI: 32%, 77%) in people younger than 65 years old and 35% (95%CI: 10%, 53%) in older people. IVE was 48% (95%CI: 30%, 61%) against influenza A/H1N1, and 15% (95%CI: -42%, 49%) against influenza A/H3N2. IVE in people vaccinated only in the previous season was 28% (95%CI: -5%, 51%). Among 417 outpatients, 146 (35%) were confirmed for influenza. IVE to prevent outpatient cases was 49% (95%CI: -9%, 76%) overall and 42% (95%CI: -33%, 74%) against influenza A/H1N1.

Conclusions

IVE was moderate against influenza A/H1N1 and low against influenza A/H3N2 in the 2023/24 season.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Infectious Diseases 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

18.90

自引率

2.40%

发文量

1020

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： International Journal of Infectious Diseases (IJID) Publisher: International Society for Infectious Diseases Publication Frequency: Monthly Type: Peer-reviewed, Open Access Scope: Publishes original clinical and laboratory-based research. Reports clinical trials, reviews, and some case reports. Focuses on epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, treatment, and control of infectious diseases. Emphasizes diseases common in under-resourced countries.