Discrimination and Harassment in the Workplace: The Lived Experiences of Singaporean LGBTQ+ Individuals

Fostering diversity and inclusivity in the workplace is crucial for staying competitive, yet discrimination and harassment based on sexual orientation and gender identity or expression (SOGIE) remains prevalent. This study aims to investigate experiences of workplace discrimination and harassment among LGBTQ+ individuals in Singapore to inform policy discussions about extending protections to LGBTQ+ workers under the forthcoming Workplace Fairness Legislation. Through an exploratory cross-sectional survey conducted across March 2023 to August 2023, data were collected from 409 Singaporeans SOGIE minorities between 18 and 85 years old who had ever been employed in Singapore. Statistical analysis was carried out using statistical software STATA version 18, where bivariable (Pearson's chi-square tests) and multivariable (logistic regression and multivariable linear regression) techniques were used. Over half of participants (n = 208, 50.85%) experienced some form of workplace discrimination or harassment. In multivariable analyses, compared to their Chinese counterparts, Malay participants were more likely to experience discrimination (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.51, confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 5.96) and Indian participants were more likely to experience harassment (aOR = 3.22, CI = 1.39, 7.49). Transgender (aOR = 5.71, CI = 2.25, 14.54) and gender-diverse (aOR = 3.33, CI = 1.80, 6.16) participants had higher odds of experiencing discrimination or harassment compared to cisgender participants. Empirical studies have shown that legislation is effective in reducing prejudice and discrimination, as well as improving sentiment toward the LGBTQ+ community. In the absence of national legislation, consistently applied company policies are also able to reduce perceived discrimination and improve work attitudes among LGBTQ+ employees. Furthermore, fostering an inclusive culture that is embraced at all levels of the organization has been discovered to be a key tool in creating a supportive workplace environment. Overall, a comprehensive approach that integrates national legislation, supportive company policies, and cultural change would have an enormous impact on the many LGBTQ+ Singaporeans who experience workplace discrimination and harassment.