三岁而不是两岁的孩子会自发地在一个基于互动的任务中误导他人。

IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Mareike Klafka, Ulf Liszkowski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

一岁的孩子会自发地告知他人,但人们对自发错误信息的出现知之甚少。目前的研究调查了那些自发告知无知他人的幼儿是否也会在匹配的未经指导的互动中故意误导他人。从概念上讲,错误信息为基于互动的隐性错误信念理解提供了一个令人信服的案例。在一个简化的、预期的和互动的范例中,一个主角木偶与孩子和一个物体玩耍,然后把物体藏在两个盒子中的一个里。当主角暂时缺席时,她的朋友或竞争对手的木偶寻找隐藏的物体。孩子们自发地加入到游戏中,通过告知或误导木偶来帮助或阻碍他们。实验1显示,两岁的孩子会自发地告诉朋友。然而,他们并没有选择性地误导竞争对手。为了排除方法上的偏差并重复之前的发现,实验2测试了3岁的孩子,用同样的范式证实了自发错误信息的技能。研究结果显示,告知,而不是错误告知,是幼儿早期自发沟通的一部分,这表明在沟通的使用上存在概念上的区别,并对早期互动中错误信念理解的互动使用产生了怀疑。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Three- but not 2-year-olds misinform others spontaneously in an interaction-based task.

One-year-olds spontaneously inform others, but less is known about the emergence of spontaneous misinforming. The current study investigated whether young children who spontaneously inform ignorant others also deliberately misinform others in matched uninstructed interactions. Conceptually, misinforming provides a convincing case for interaction-based, implicit false belief understanding. In a simplified, anticipatory and interactive paradigm, a protagonist puppet played with the child and an object and then hid the object in one of two boxes. When the protagonist was temporarily absent, either her friend or a competitor puppet searched for the hidden object. Children spontaneously joined the play and helped or hindered by informing or misinforming the puppets. Experiment 1 revealed that 2-year-olds spontaneously informed the friend. However, they did not selectively misinform the competitor. In order to exclude methodological biases and replicate previous findings, Experiment 2 tested 3-year-olds, confirming skills for spontaneous misinforming with the same paradigm. Findings reveal that informing, but not misinforming, is part of younger children's early spontaneous communication, which suggests a conceptual distinction in the use of communication and casts doubts on an interactive use of false belief understanding in early interactions.

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来源期刊
British Journal of Developmental Psychology
British Journal of Developmental Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
期刊介绍: The British Journal of Developmental Psychology publishes full-length, empirical, conceptual, review and discussion papers, as well as brief reports, in all of the following areas: - motor, perceptual, cognitive, social and emotional development in infancy; - social, emotional and personality development in childhood, adolescence and adulthood; - cognitive and socio-cognitive development in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, including the development of language, mathematics, theory of mind, drawings, spatial cognition, biological and societal understanding; - atypical development, including developmental disorders, learning difficulties/disabilities and sensory impairments;
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