利用国家暴力死亡报告系统描述 2010 年至 2021 年无家可归者中的暴力死亡特征

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Interpersonal Violence Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI:10.1177/08862605241303955

Bridget Duffy, Saroj Bista, Nichole L. Michaels

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引用次数: 0

摘要

在美国，无家可归仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题。无家可归者（PEH）面临着严重的健康不平等，包括高死亡率和更高的暴力受害风险。人们对 PEH 暴力致死的风险因素知之甚少。本研究旨在全面描述这些死亡事件，为今后针对这一人群的研究和预防工作提供参考。这项回顾性研究利用 2010 年至 2021 年全国暴力死亡报告系统（National Violent Death Reporting System）中的数据，对无家可归者（PEH）与非无家可归者（PNEH）的死亡特征进行了描述和比较。这项研究确定了 7,231 名 PEH 和 423,363 名 PNEH 受害者。在无家可归者中，最常见的死亡方式是自杀（44.9%）和他杀（31.0%），大多数为男性（83.0%）和非西班牙裔白人（59.3%）。与 PNEH 相比，PEH 中有酗酒问题（26.9% 对 15.2%；p < .001）或其他药物使用问题（48.8% 对 19.6%；p < .001）的比例明显更高。在目前有精神健康问题的死者中（PEH：33.6% vs. PNEH：36.7%），目前正在接受治疗的 PEH 比例较低（PEH：13.9% vs. PNEH：20.7%；p< .001）。在自杀身亡的人群中，与普通新生儿和青少年相比，更多的普通新生儿和青少年最近曾因被驱逐/失去住所而导致死亡（21.0% vs. 2.8%；p <.001）。在死于他杀的人群中，PEH 被随机暴力行为杀害的几率明显更高（PEH: 5.1% vs. PNEH: 2.6%; p <.001）。这些发现凸显了PEH中暴力死亡的独特特征，包括涉及精神健康和药物使用问题的情况，并确定了在这一人群中预防自杀的关键干预点。改进数据收集方法，减少数据缺失，并与其他数据源建立联系，将有助于未来研究预防 PEH 中与暴力相关的死亡。

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Characterizing Violent Fatalities Among People Experiencing Homelessness Using the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2010 to 2021

Homelessness continues to be a serious public health problem in the United States. People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face stark health inequities, including high mortality rates and increased risk of violence victimization. Little is known about the risk factors around PEH dying violently. The objective of this study is to comprehensively describe these fatalities to inform future research and prevention efforts for this population. This retrospective study utilized data from the National Violent Death Reporting System from 2010 to 2021 to characterize and compare fatalities among PEH versus people who were not experiencing homelessness (PNEH). This study identified 7,231 PEH and 423,363 PNEH victims. Among PEH, the most common manners of death were suicide (44.9%) and homicide (31.0%), most were male (83.0%), and White, non-Hispanic (59.3%). Compared to PNEH, a significantly greater proportion of PEH had an alcohol problem (26.9% vs. 15.2%; p < .001) or other substance use problem (48.8% vs. 19.6%; p < .001). Among decedents who had a current mental health problem (PEH: 33.6% vs. PNEH: 36.7%), a smaller percentage of PEH were currently receiving treatment (PEH: 13.9% vs. PNEH: 20.7%; p<.001). Among those who died by suicide, more PEH had a recent eviction/loss of home that contributed to the death, compared to PNEH (21.0% vs. 2.8%; p < .001). Among individuals who died by homicide, PEH were significantly more likely to be killed by a random act of violence (PEH: 5.1% vs. PNEH: 2.6%; p < .001). These findings highlight unique characteristics of violent deaths among PEH, including circumstances involving mental health and substance use problems, and identify key intervention points for suicide prevention among this population. Future research to help prevent violence-related deaths among PEH would benefit by improved data collection methods to reduce missing data and linkages with other data sources.

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来源期刊

Journal of Interpersonal Violence Multiple-

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

12.00%

发文量

375

期刊介绍： The Journal of Interpersonal Violence is devoted to the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of interpersonal violence. It provides a forum of discussion of the concerns and activities of professionals and researchers working in domestic violence, child sexual abuse, rape and sexual assault, physical child abuse, and violent crime. With its dual focus on victims and victimizers, the journal will publish material that addresses the causes, effects, treatment, and prevention of all types of violence. JIV only publishes reports on individual studies in which the scientific method is applied to the study of some aspect of interpersonal violence. Research may use qualitative or quantitative methods. JIV does not publish reviews of research, individual case studies, or the conceptual analysis of some aspect of interpersonal violence. Outcome data for program or intervention evaluations must include a comparison or control group.