IF 4.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Xiaoli Li, Mengdan Li, Lufan Zhang, Xue Xin, Yi Zhang, Kedong Xu, Deshui Yu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

Aeschynomene indica 是一种半水生豆科植物,可用作田间绿肥、牧草和药用植物(Zhang 等人,2019 年)。它也是一种 "两栖 "植物,通常用作湿地公园绿化植物。2020 年 10 月,中国江西省九江市芳兰湖湿地公园的籼稻植株上发现了典型的白粉病症状。90% 以上的籼稻植株受到感染,白粉病菌覆盖了受感染叶片的两面以及茎和豆荚,形成圆形至不规则的斑块。采集受感染的叶片鉴定病原体,显微镜检查发现叶片表面有大量的分生孢子和菌丝。分生孢子单生,椭圆形至圆柱形,长 23.23-38.03 μm,宽 9.14-17.56 μm(n = 100)。分生孢子梗笔直,圆柱形,不分枝,长度为 43.80 至 76.16 μm(n = 100)。足细胞呈圆柱形,或在极少数情况下基部弯曲,长 23.20-47.07 × 4.23-8.87 μm(n = 100),其后有 1-2 个较短的细胞。采集到的样本中未发现附属物和壳斗。根据这些形态特征,白粉病真菌被初步鉴定为 Erysiphe trifoliorum(Lee 和 Thuong,2015 年)。为进一步确认这一鉴定结果,分别使用引物对 ITS1/ITS4 (White 等,1990 年)和 NL1/NLP2 (Mori 等,2000 年)扩增了核糖体 DNA 内部转录间隔区(ITS)和 28S 大亚基(LSU)的部分序列。所获得的 662-bp ITS 序列(GenBank 编号:OK021589)与阿塞拜疆的三叶蓟马(E. trifoliorum on Medicago littoralis)的 ITS 序列(LC270860)有 99.55%的相同度。获得的 656-bp LSU 序列(GenBank登录号:PQ475931)与中国含羞草上 E. trifoliorum 的 ITS 序列(PQ184869)有 99.69%的相同度。此外,基于 ITS 和 LSU 序列的系统发生树分析表明,该分离物与 E. trifoliorum 属同一支系。因此,根据形态和分子特征,该真菌被鉴定为 E. trifoliorum。致病性试验是将受感染的叶片轻轻压在六株健康籼稻植株的嫩叶上进行的,未接种的植株作为对照。所有植物均在温室中养护(25 ± 2 °C,相对湿度 80%,光周期 16 小时)。14 天后,接种的植株上出现了典型的白粉病特征,而对照植株上没有出现这种特征。接种叶片上的真菌在形态和分子上与从江西省采集的自然感染植株上发现的真菌相同。据报道,由E. trifoliorum引起的白粉病会影响一些豆科植物,包括Indigofera amblyantha、Trifolium hybridum、Trifolium repens和Melilotus indicus(Cho等人,2016年;Hong等人,2020年;Lee等人,2015年;Mukhtar等人,2017年)。据我们所知,这是中国首次报道 E. trifoliorum 在籼稻上引起的白粉病,严重威胁到籼稻的利用。确定 E. trifoliorum 为籼稻白粉病的病原菌对今后预防和管理该病至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe trifoliorum on Aeschynomene indica in China.

Aeschynomene indica is a semiaquatic legume that can be used as field green manure, forage grass, and medicinal plant (Zhang et al., 2019). It is also an "amphibious" plant commonly used as a wetland park green plant. In October 2020, typical powdery mildew symptoms were found on A. indica plants in Fanglan Lake Wetland Park, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China. More than 90% of A. indica plants were infected, and powdery mildew covered both sides of infected leaves, as well as stems and pods, forming circular to irregular patches. The infected leaves were collected to identify the pathogen, and microscopic examination revealed that there were abundant conidia and hyphae on the surface of the leaves. The conidia were solitary, elliptical to cylindrical, 23.23-38.03 μm in length and 9.14-17.56 μm in width (n = 100). The conidiophores were straight, cylindrical, unbranched, and ranged from 43.80 to 76.16 μm in length (n = 100). The foot cells were cylindrical or, rarely, somewhat curved at the base, 23.20-47.07 × 4.23-8.87μm (n = 100) and were followed by 1-2 shorter cells. Appressoria and chasmothecia were not observed on the collected samples. Based on these morphological characteristics, the powdery mildew fungus was tentatively identified as Erysiphe trifoliorum (Lee and Thuong, 2015). To further confirm this identification, the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the partial sequence of the 28S large subunit (LSU) were amplified using primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al., 1990) and NL1/NLP2 (Mori et al., 2000), respectively. The obtained 662-bp ITS sequence (GenBank accession no. OK021589) was 99.55% identical to the ITS sequences of E. trifoliorum on Medicago littoralis in Azerbaijan (LC270860). The obtained 656-bp LSU sequence (GenBank accession no. PQ475931) was 99.69% identical to the ITS sequences of E. trifoliorum on Mimosa pudica in China (PQ184869). Additionally, a phylogenetic tree analysis was conducted based on the combined ITS and LSU sequences, which indicated that the isolate was grouped in the same clade as E. trifoliorum. Therefore, this fungus was identified as E. trifoliorum based on the morphological and molecular characteristics. Pathogenicity tests were performed by gently pressing infected leaves onto the young leaves of six healthy A. indica plants, and non-inoculated plants were used as controls. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse (25 ± 2 °C, 80% relative humidity, and a 16-hour photoperiod). After 14 days, typical powdery mildew features were observed on the inoculated plants, whereas no such features appeared on the control plants. The fungus on the inoculated leaves was morphologically and molecularly identical to that found on naturally infected plants collected from the Jiangxi Province. Powdery mildew caused by E. trifoliorum has been reported to affect some leguminous plants, including Indigofera amblyantha, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium repens, and Melilotus indicus (Cho et al., 2016; Hong et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2015; Mukhtar et al., 2017). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by E. trifoliorum on A. indica in China, which seriously threatens the utilization of A. indica. The identification of E. trifoliorum as the causative agent of powdery mildew on A. indica is critical for the prevention and management of this disease in the future.

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来源期刊
Plant disease
Plant disease 农林科学-植物科学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
13.30%
发文量
1993
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Plant Disease is the leading international journal for rapid reporting of research on new, emerging, and established plant diseases. The journal publishes papers that describe basic and applied research focusing on practical aspects of disease diagnosis, development, and management.
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