综合空气风险指数的开发及其在大型工业城市高时空健康风险评估中的应用

IF 7.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Sang-Jin Lee, In-Gyu Cho, Ho-Young Lee, Jeong-Tae Ju, Hye-Jung Shin, Sung-Deuk Choi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

颗粒物(PM)中含有各种有害空气污染物(HAPs),会对人体健康产生不利影响,因此需要一个综合指数来表示相关的健康风险。为此,本研究为韩国最大的工业城市蔚山开发了一种新型指数--综合空气风险指数(CARI)。该指数利用多环芳烃(PAHs)和重金属的吸入单位风险,综合了这两种物质的毒性加权浓度。CARI 根据概率健康风险分为四个风险等级。在蔚山的八年时间里(2013-2020 年),多环芳烃的暴露风险呈下降趋势,而重金属的暴露风险则保持稳定,这反映了不同的排放模式和主要来源类型。多环芳烃和重金属分别占CARI的38.1%和61.9%,凸显出重金属对人体健康的影响更大。与 PM2.5 浓度的月度变化不同,CARI 值在夏季呈上升趋势,而在春季和秋季则呈下降趋势,这表明了本地排放物的影响,尤其是来自石化和有色金属工业设施的排放物。此外,机器学习模型提高了 CARI 的时空分辨率,显示工业区的 "不健康 "天数是城市地区的 2.4 倍。总之,CARI 是评估工业城市健康风险和制定基于风险的管理计划的一个很有前途的工具。此外,我们建议通过使用机器学习提高 HAP 数据的时空分辨率,从而开发一个全国范围的实时 CARI 系统。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Development of a comprehensive air risk index and its application to high spatial-temporal health risk assessment in a large industrial city

Development of a comprehensive air risk index and its application to high spatial-temporal health risk assessment in a large industrial city
Particulate matter (PM) contains various hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that can adversely affect human health, highlighting the need for an integrated index to represent the associated health risks. In response, this study developed a novel index, the comprehensive air-risk index (CARI), for Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea. This index integrates toxicity-weighted concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals using their inhalation unit risks. CARI was categorized into four risk levels based on probabilistic health risks. Over eight years (2013–2020) in Ulsan, the risk from PAH exposure showed a decreasing trend, whereas the risk from heavy metals remained stable, reflecting different emission patterns and major source types. PAHs and heavy metals contributed 38.1% and 61.9% to CARI, respectively, highlighting the greater impact of heavy metals on human health. Unlike the monthly variations in PM2.5 concentrations, CARI values tended to increase in the summer and decrease in the spring and fall, indicating the impact of local emissions, particularly from petrochemical and non-ferrous industrial facilities. Moreover, a machine learning model enhanced the spatio-temporal resolution of CARI, showing that ‘unhealthy’ days were 2.4 times more frequent in industrial areas than in urban areas. In conclusion, CARI is a promising tool for assessing health risks in industrial cities and for developing risk-based management plans. Furthermore, we propose the development of a national-scale real-time CARI system by enhancing the spatio-temporal resolution of HAP data through the use of machine learning.
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来源期刊
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
16.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
2082
审稿时长
2.9 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.
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