Julie Vanderleyden, Trevor Peckham, Rebeka Balogh, Deborah De Moortel
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Our objectives are: (1) to investigate the association between baseline EQ and poor self-rated general health 3 years later; and (2) to examine the relation between poor self-rated health and: (a) transitioning from low EQ to SER-like employment (the scarring hypothesis); (b) transitioning from SER-like employment to low EQ (the initial-impact hypothesis); and (c) consistent low EQ status (for example, the dose–response hypothesis).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Using the American Working Conditions Survey (AWCS), baseline and follow-up data on employees' self-rated health was collected (<i>N</i> = 1109). An EQ typology with five categories was created via latent class cluster analysis: SER-like, Instrumental, Precarious Unsustainable, Portfolio; and Precarious Intensive employment. Each EQ segment represents a unique combination of EQ features, with SER-like and Portfolio employment reflecting overall high EQ, while Instrumental, Precarious Unsustainable, and Precarious Intensive reflect varieties of low EQ constellations. We used lagged Poisson regression to link baseline EQ to follow-up self-rated health and Poisson regression to analyze multiple EQ paths between baseline and follow-up and their association with health.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Precarious Unsustainable and Instrumental employment at baseline associated significantly with poor self-rated general health at follow-up. Transitioning from SER-like employment to a low-EQ segment was linked to an increased risk of poor self-rated general health, confirming the initial-impact hypothesis. No evidence was found for the scarring hypothesis. Consistent Instrumental and Precarious Unsustainable employment were both associated with poorer health, underlining the importance of the dose-response effect.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Enhancing EQ is crucial for public health, particularly in the context of limited welfare provisions in the United States. Policy and legislative measures to improve EQ can promote better health outcomes and reduce health disparities within the working population.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 2","pages":"140-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Employment Quality and Self-Rated General Health in the United States: A 3-Year Observational Follow-Up Study\",\"authors\":\"Julie Vanderleyden, Trevor Peckham, Rebeka Balogh, Deborah De Moortel\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ajim.23684\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>The typological approach of the employment quality (EQ) framework offers a comprehensive lens for assessing the heterogeneity of employment experiences while concurrently acknowledging associated health risk factors. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:就业质量(EQ)框架的类型学方法为评估就业经历的异质性提供了一个全面的视角,同时承认相关的健康风险因素。情商包含了多种雇佣特征,比如工作时间、工资和福利、工会代表等,其中标准雇佣关系(SER)(或高情商)特征与非标准雇佣关系(低情商)特征区别开来。众所周知,低情商与健康结果有负相关。为了解决以往横断面研究的局限性,我们在美国对情商与自评总体健康之间的联系进行了纵向研究。我们的目标是:(1)调查基线情商与3年后自评总体健康状况不佳之间的关系;(2)检验自评健康状况差与以下因素之间的关系:(a)从低情商向类似ser的就业过渡(疤痕假说);(b)从ser型就业向低情商过渡(初始影响假说);(c)一致的低EQ状态(例如,剂量-反应假设)。方法:采用美国工作条件调查(American Working Conditions Survey, AWCS),收集员工自评健康的基线和随访数据(N = 1109)。通过潜在类聚类分析,创建了一个包含五个类别的EQ类型:SER-like, Instrumental, Precarious non - sustainable, Portfolio;不稳定的密集型就业。每个EQ部分都代表了EQ特征的独特组合,ser型和Portfolio型就业反映了整体的高EQ,而工具型、不稳定的不可持续型和不稳定的密集型反映了各种低EQ星座。我们使用滞后泊松回归将基线情商与随访者自评健康联系起来,并使用泊松回归分析了基线和随访者之间的多重情商路径及其与健康的关系。结果:基线时的不稳定、不可持续和工具性就业与随访时自我评价的一般健康状况不佳显著相关。从类似ser的工作过渡到低情商的工作阶段,与自我评估总体健康状况不佳的风险增加有关,证实了初始影响假说。没有证据支持疤痕假说。持续的工具性就业和不稳定的不可持续就业都与较差的健康状况有关,强调了剂量反应效应的重要性。结论:提高情商对公共卫生至关重要,特别是在美国福利规定有限的情况下。改善情商的政策和立法措施可以促进更好的健康结果,减少工作人口中的健康差距。
Employment Quality and Self-Rated General Health in the United States: A 3-Year Observational Follow-Up Study
Background
The typological approach of the employment quality (EQ) framework offers a comprehensive lens for assessing the heterogeneity of employment experiences while concurrently acknowledging associated health risk factors. EQ incorporates multiple employment characteristics—such as working hours, wages and benefits, and union representation, among others—where standard employment relationship (SER)-like (or high EQ) features are distinguished from nonstandard features (low EQ). Low EQ features are known to relate negatively to health outcomes. Addressing limitations from previous cross-sectional studies, we contribute to longitudinal research on the link between EQ and self-rated general health in the United States. Our objectives are: (1) to investigate the association between baseline EQ and poor self-rated general health 3 years later; and (2) to examine the relation between poor self-rated health and: (a) transitioning from low EQ to SER-like employment (the scarring hypothesis); (b) transitioning from SER-like employment to low EQ (the initial-impact hypothesis); and (c) consistent low EQ status (for example, the dose–response hypothesis).
Methods
Using the American Working Conditions Survey (AWCS), baseline and follow-up data on employees' self-rated health was collected (N = 1109). An EQ typology with five categories was created via latent class cluster analysis: SER-like, Instrumental, Precarious Unsustainable, Portfolio; and Precarious Intensive employment. Each EQ segment represents a unique combination of EQ features, with SER-like and Portfolio employment reflecting overall high EQ, while Instrumental, Precarious Unsustainable, and Precarious Intensive reflect varieties of low EQ constellations. We used lagged Poisson regression to link baseline EQ to follow-up self-rated health and Poisson regression to analyze multiple EQ paths between baseline and follow-up and their association with health.
Results
Precarious Unsustainable and Instrumental employment at baseline associated significantly with poor self-rated general health at follow-up. Transitioning from SER-like employment to a low-EQ segment was linked to an increased risk of poor self-rated general health, confirming the initial-impact hypothesis. No evidence was found for the scarring hypothesis. Consistent Instrumental and Precarious Unsustainable employment were both associated with poorer health, underlining the importance of the dose-response effect.
Conclusions
Enhancing EQ is crucial for public health, particularly in the context of limited welfare provisions in the United States. Policy and legislative measures to improve EQ can promote better health outcomes and reduce health disparities within the working population.
期刊介绍:
American Journal of Industrial Medicine considers for publication reports of original research, review articles, instructive case reports, and analyses of policy in the fields of occupational and environmental health and safety. The Journal also accepts commentaries, book reviews and letters of comment and criticism. The goals of the journal are to advance and disseminate knowledge, promote research and foster the prevention of disease and injury. Specific topics of interest include: occupational disease; environmental disease; pesticides; cancer; occupational epidemiology; environmental epidemiology; disease surveillance systems; ergonomics; dust diseases; lead poisoning; neurotoxicology; endocrine disruptors.