从生产废物中估算亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺的非法产量,荷兰案例研究。

IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL
Thomas L Ter Laak, Jorrit van den Berg, Erik Emke, Shanna Mehlbaum, Pim de Voogt
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引用次数: 0

摘要

荷兰在全球合成非法药物亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺的生产中发挥着关键作用。然而,荷兰亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺的实际产量很难量化。亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺的非法生产会产生大量废物。本研究利用在环境中发现的废物量和废水中与生产有关的亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺残留量来估算亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺的产量。对于两种常见的合成路线,与环境中发现的废物量相关的亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺产量分别为每年 4.2 吨和 5.8 吨。与废水中与生产相关的残留物有关的亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺产量要大得多,每年达 39.2 吨。对两种常见合成路线进行分析后,与环境中的废物和废水相关的亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺产量估计分别为每年 43.4 吨和 45.0 吨。尽管这些估算难以验证,但与基于流行率的消费量估算或基于前体截获量的产量估算相比,还是可行的。目前的研究表明,非法产业的废物可以揭示其生产量,从而补充其他估算合成非法物质的生产、贸易和使用的工作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Estimating illicit production of MDMA from its production waste, a Dutch case study.

The Netherlands plays a key role in the global production of the synthetic illicit drug MDMA. However, the actual Dutch production of MDMA is difficult to quantify. The illicit production of MDMA results in large amounts of waste. This study uses amounts of waste found in the environment and production-related MDMA residues in wastewater to estimate the amount of MDMA that is produced. The MDMA produced, associated to the amount of waste found in the environment is 4.2 and 5.8 tons per year for two common synthesis routes. The MDMA produced, associated to production-related residues in wastewater is significantly larger, with 39.2 tons per year. The estimated MDMA production associated to waste in the environment and wastewater analysis is 43.4 and 45.0 tons per year for two common synthesis routes. Even though these estimates are difficult to validate, they are feasible when compared to prevalence-based consumption estimates or production estimates based on interceptions of precursors. The current study illustrates that waste of an illicit industry can shed light on its production volumes, thereby, complementing other efforts to estimate production, trade and use of synthetically produced illicit substances.

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来源期刊
Forensic science international
Forensic science international 医学-医学:法
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
9.10%
发文量
285
审稿时长
49 days
期刊介绍: Forensic Science International is the flagship journal in the prestigious Forensic Science International family, publishing the most innovative, cutting-edge, and influential contributions across the forensic sciences. Fields include: forensic pathology and histochemistry, chemistry, biochemistry and toxicology, biology, serology, odontology, psychiatry, anthropology, digital forensics, the physical sciences, firearms, and document examination, as well as investigations of value to public health in its broadest sense, and the important marginal area where science and medicine interact with the law. The journal publishes: Case Reports Commentaries Letters to the Editor Original Research Papers (Regular Papers) Rapid Communications Review Articles Technical Notes.
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