Nicole L Briggs, Brandon L Guthrie, Adam S Elder, Debra Revere, Andrea R Molino, Laura M West, Amanda Higgins, Bryant T Karras, Janet G Baseman
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However, the privacy preserving measures of this technology prevented collection of information on how users responded after seeing an EN on their device.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the influence of ENs on intended and implemented protective behaviors among WA Notify users.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Two self-report surveys were administered by the WA DOH: a baseline survey regarding planned protective behaviors, available immediately after seeing an EN, and a follow-up survey distributed 2 weeks later regarding actual protective behaviors implemented. Self-reported planned and implemented protective behaviors were compared across 3 time periods relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. Poisson regression was used to compare the probability of engaging in various protective behaviors across demographic characteristics and other contextual factors.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Washington State.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 4280 individuals who chose to respond to both surveys and who completed the initial survey between September 1, 2021, and March 1, 2022.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Self-reported plans for and engagement in protective behaviors (quarantining, testing, and symptom watching).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of individuals who reported implementing quarantining and symptom watching after seeing an EN was higher than the proportion that reported planning to engage in each respective behavior. Respondents who reported experiencing symptoms when seeing an EN were more likely to quarantine and test for COVID-19 compared to those with no symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plans to engage in protective behaviors after initially seeing an EN can change and may be influenced by evolving personal and contextual factors. Future digital EN systems can be improved through messaging tailored to encourage protective behaviors relevant to disease prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Protective Behaviors Following Digital COVID-19 Exposure Notifications, Washington State, September 1, 2021, to March 1, 2022.\",\"authors\":\"Nicole L Briggs, Brandon L Guthrie, Adam S Elder, Debra Revere, Andrea R Molino, Laura M West, Amanda Higgins, Bryant T Karras, Janet G Baseman\",\"doi\":\"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002009\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Digital exposure notification (EN) systems were widely used to supplement public health case investigations and contact tracing during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In Washington State, the state Department of Health (DOH) implemented one such system, WA Notify, which generated ENs based on smartphone Bluetooth proximity detection. However, the privacy preserving measures of this technology prevented collection of information on how users responded after seeing an EN on their device.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the influence of ENs on intended and implemented protective behaviors among WA Notify users.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Two self-report surveys were administered by the WA DOH: a baseline survey regarding planned protective behaviors, available immediately after seeing an EN, and a follow-up survey distributed 2 weeks later regarding actual protective behaviors implemented. Self-reported planned and implemented protective behaviors were compared across 3 time periods relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. Poisson regression was used to compare the probability of engaging in various protective behaviors across demographic characteristics and other contextual factors.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Washington State.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 4280 individuals who chose to respond to both surveys and who completed the initial survey between September 1, 2021, and March 1, 2022.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Self-reported plans for and engagement in protective behaviors (quarantining, testing, and symptom watching).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of individuals who reported implementing quarantining and symptom watching after seeing an EN was higher than the proportion that reported planning to engage in each respective behavior. Respondents who reported experiencing symptoms when seeing an EN were more likely to quarantine and test for COVID-19 compared to those with no symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plans to engage in protective behaviors after initially seeing an EN can change and may be influenced by evolving personal and contextual factors. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：在 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行期间，数字暴露通知 (EN) 系统被广泛用于辅助公共卫生病例调查和接触者追踪。在华盛顿州，州卫生部 (DOH) 实施了一个这样的系统--WA Notify，该系统基于智能手机蓝牙近距离检测生成 EN。然而，由于该技术的隐私保护措施，无法收集用户在其设备上看到 EN 后如何反应的信息：目的：了解 EN 对 WA Notify 用户预期和实施的保护行为的影响：设计：西澳大利亚州卫生部进行了两项自我报告调查：一项是关于计划保护行为的基线调查，可在看到 EN 后立即获得；另一项是两周后分发的关于实际实施保护行为的后续调查。在与 COVID-19 大流行相关的 3 个时间段内，对自我报告的计划防护行为和实际防护行为进行了比较。采用泊松回归法比较不同人口特征和其他背景因素下采取各种保护行为的概率：环境：华盛顿州：共有 4280 人选择回答这两项调查，他们在 2021 年 9 月 1 日至 2022 年 3 月 1 日期间完成了首次调查：自我报告的保护行为（隔离、检测和症状观察）计划和参与情况：结果：报告在见到环境检测员后实施检疫和症状观察的受访者比例高于报告计划实施相应行为的受访者比例。与没有症状的受访者相比，报告在见到 EN 时出现症状的受访者更有可能进行隔离和 COVID-19 检测：结论：在最初看到 EN 后，采取保护行为的计划会发生变化，并可能受到不断变化的个人和环境因素的影响。未来的数字 EN 系统可以通过定制信息来改进，以鼓励与疾病预防相关的保护行为。
Protective Behaviors Following Digital COVID-19 Exposure Notifications, Washington State, September 1, 2021, to March 1, 2022.
Context: Digital exposure notification (EN) systems were widely used to supplement public health case investigations and contact tracing during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In Washington State, the state Department of Health (DOH) implemented one such system, WA Notify, which generated ENs based on smartphone Bluetooth proximity detection. However, the privacy preserving measures of this technology prevented collection of information on how users responded after seeing an EN on their device.
Objective: To understand the influence of ENs on intended and implemented protective behaviors among WA Notify users.
Design: Two self-report surveys were administered by the WA DOH: a baseline survey regarding planned protective behaviors, available immediately after seeing an EN, and a follow-up survey distributed 2 weeks later regarding actual protective behaviors implemented. Self-reported planned and implemented protective behaviors were compared across 3 time periods relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. Poisson regression was used to compare the probability of engaging in various protective behaviors across demographic characteristics and other contextual factors.
Setting: Washington State.
Participants: A total of 4280 individuals who chose to respond to both surveys and who completed the initial survey between September 1, 2021, and March 1, 2022.
Main outcome measures: Self-reported plans for and engagement in protective behaviors (quarantining, testing, and symptom watching).
Results: The proportion of individuals who reported implementing quarantining and symptom watching after seeing an EN was higher than the proportion that reported planning to engage in each respective behavior. Respondents who reported experiencing symptoms when seeing an EN were more likely to quarantine and test for COVID-19 compared to those with no symptoms.
Conclusion: Plans to engage in protective behaviors after initially seeing an EN can change and may be influenced by evolving personal and contextual factors. Future digital EN systems can be improved through messaging tailored to encourage protective behaviors relevant to disease prevention.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice publishes articles which focus on evidence based public health practice and research. The journal is a bi-monthly peer-reviewed publication guided by a multidisciplinary editorial board of administrators, practitioners and scientists. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice publishes in a wide range of population health topics including research to practice; emergency preparedness; bioterrorism; infectious disease surveillance; environmental health; community health assessment, chronic disease prevention and health promotion, and academic-practice linkages.
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