Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Incretin Mimetics and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with women experiencing a disproportionate risk of events compared to men. Women have an amplified burden of cardiovascular risk factors once T2D is diagnosed. Incretin mimetics now play a central role in managing cardiovascular risk by improving glycemic control, promoting weight loss, and potentially exerting direct cardioprotective effects. Similarly, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors contribute to CVD prevention through various non-glucose lowering mechanisms. Both classes of medications are integral to personalized treatment strategies aimed at addressing the heightened cardiovascular risk faced by women with diabetes. This mini-review addresses possible mechanisms underlying the increased cardiovascular risk and explores the role of incretin mimetics and SGLT2 inhibitors in mitigating CVD in women with T2D. Emphasizing personalized and sex-specific approaches in diabetes care is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving cardiovascular health.