Przemek Mróz, Krzysztof Król, Hélène Szegedi, Philip Charles, Kim L. Page, Andrzej Udalski, David A. H. Buckley, Gulab Dewangan, Pieter Meintjes, Michał K. Szymański, Igor Soszyński, Paweł Pietrukowicz, Szymon Kozłowski, Radosław Poleski, Jan Skowron, Krzysztof Ulaczyk, Mariusz Gromadzki, Krzysztof Rybicki, Patryk Iwanek, Marcin Wrona and Mateusz J. Mróz
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摘要

一些含有白矮星的吸积双星系统(如经典新星或持续超软源)会发射出温度为106 K,光度超过1035 erg s-1的低能X射线。这些X射线被认为源自白矮星表面的核燃烧,要么是由热核失控(经典新星)引起的,要么是由持续稳定的核燃烧(持续源)所导致的高质增殖率引起的。从 ASASSN-16oh 星上发现的瞬时超软 X 射线对这些观点提出了挑战,因为没有检测到表明经典新星爆发的质量喷射的明显特征,而且这些 X 射线的来源仍然存在争议。目前还不清楚这颗恒星是独一无二的,还是一个尚未发现的更大群体的代表。在这里,我们发现了位于麦哲伦云方向的 29 颗恒星,它们表现出与 ASASSN-16oh 类似的长时间对称光学爆发。我们在光学爆发期间对其中一个天体进行了观测,发现它正在发射瞬态超软 X 射线,而没有检测到质量喷射(表明经典新星爆发)的特征。因此,我们认为这些天体构成了一个同质的瞬态超软 X 射线源群,我们将其命名为 "毫新星",因为它们的光学亮度比普通经典新星暗大约 1000 倍。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Millinovae: A New Class of Transient Supersoft X-Ray Sources without a Classical Nova Eruption
Some accreting binary systems containing a white dwarf (such as classical novae or persistent supersoft sources) are seen to emit low-energy X-rays with temperatures of ∼ 106 K and luminosities exceeding 1035 erg s−1. These X-rays are thought to originate from nuclear burning on the white dwarf surface, either caused by a thermonuclear runaway (classical novae) or a high mass-accretion rate that sustains steady nuclear burning (persistent sources). The discovery of transient supersoft X-rays from ASASSN-16oh challenged these ideas, as no clear signatures of mass ejection indicative of a classical nova eruption were detected, and the origin of these X-rays remains controversial. It was unclear whether this star was one of a kind or representative of a larger, as yet undiscovered, group. Here, we present the discovery of 29 stars located in the direction of the Magellanic Clouds exhibiting long-duration, symmetrical optical outbursts similar to that seen in ASASSN-16oh. We observed one of these objects during an optical outburst and found it to be emitting transient supersoft X-rays, while no signatures of mass ejection (indicative of a classical nova eruption) were detected. We therefore propose that these objects form a homogeneous group of transient supersoft X-ray sources, which we dub “millinovae” because their optical luminosities are approximately a 1000 times fainter than those of ordinary classical novae.
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