A comprehensive investigation of the biophysical approach for aptamer functionalized nanoparticles in cancer therapy: a review

Aptamers stand out for their remarkable specificity and versatility, making them an invaluable tool in cancer therapy. When combined with nanoparticles, they form a dynamic platform for targeted drug delivery and diagnostics, leveraging enhanced cellular take up and the enhanced permeability and retention effect. This review explores both experimental and computational studies that probe the intricate interactions between aptamers and nanoparticles. By combining theoretical insights with empirical studies, this approach deepens our understanding of aptamer–nanoparticle conjugation, opening new avenues to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce off-target effects. Recent advancements in the field are critically analysed, spotlighting transformative studies that highlight the potential of this approach. Offering a comprehensive overview of current achievements and future prospects, this article aims to establish the pivotal role of aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles in personalized cancer treatment strategies.