{"title":"利用相板扫描透射电子显微镜观察聚偏氟乙烯的层状结构","authors":"Mayu Togashi, Kousuke Sugeno, Yuki Tanaka, Toshiki Shimizu, Hiromu Saito, Hiroki Minoda","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127946","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a crystalline polymer well-known for its excellent piezoelectric properties, flexibility, chemical resistance, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. PVDF exhibits crystal polymorphisms, with five reported crystal structures. Among these, the β-type structure has attracted much interest due to its superior piezoelectric properties; however, the details of its piezoelectric mechanism remain unclear. It is essential to evaluate the structure of PVDF at the nanoscale to elucidate its piezoelectric mechanism. In this study, as a first step toward elucidating its piezoelectric properties, we employed phase-plate scanning transmission electron microscopy (P-STEM) to observe heat-elongated PVDF. P-STEM is particularly effective in examining materials composed of light elements. We successfully visualized the lamellar structure, which was characterized by a layered arrangement of crystalline and amorphous regions. The period of the lamellar structure was approximately 7 nm, which was in good agreement with the results of small-angle X-ray scattering studies. In addition, high-magnification P-STEM images revealed that bundle-like structures oriented in the elongation direction were likely crystalline regions. This result indicates that P-STEM provides detailed local information regarding the orientation of the PVDF polymer chains.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Visualization of the lamellar structure of polyvinylidene fluoride using phase-plate scanning transmission electron microscopy\",\"authors\":\"Mayu Togashi, Kousuke Sugeno, Yuki Tanaka, Toshiki Shimizu, Hiromu Saito, Hiroki Minoda\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127946\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a crystalline polymer well-known for its excellent piezoelectric properties, flexibility, chemical resistance, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. PVDF exhibits crystal polymorphisms, with five reported crystal structures. Among these, the β-type structure has attracted much interest due to its superior piezoelectric properties; however, the details of its piezoelectric mechanism remain unclear. It is essential to evaluate the structure of PVDF at the nanoscale to elucidate its piezoelectric mechanism. In this study, as a first step toward elucidating its piezoelectric properties, we employed phase-plate scanning transmission electron microscopy (P-STEM) to observe heat-elongated PVDF. P-STEM is particularly effective in examining materials composed of light elements. We successfully visualized the lamellar structure, which was characterized by a layered arrangement of crystalline and amorphous regions. The period of the lamellar structure was approximately 7 nm, which was in good agreement with the results of small-angle X-ray scattering studies. In addition, high-magnification P-STEM images revealed that bundle-like structures oriented in the elongation direction were likely crystalline regions. This result indicates that P-STEM provides detailed local information regarding the orientation of the PVDF polymer chains.\",\"PeriodicalId\":405,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Polymer\",\"volume\":\"21 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-12-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Polymer\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127946\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"POLYMER SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymer","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127946","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Visualization of the lamellar structure of polyvinylidene fluoride using phase-plate scanning transmission electron microscopy
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a crystalline polymer well-known for its excellent piezoelectric properties, flexibility, chemical resistance, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. PVDF exhibits crystal polymorphisms, with five reported crystal structures. Among these, the β-type structure has attracted much interest due to its superior piezoelectric properties; however, the details of its piezoelectric mechanism remain unclear. It is essential to evaluate the structure of PVDF at the nanoscale to elucidate its piezoelectric mechanism. In this study, as a first step toward elucidating its piezoelectric properties, we employed phase-plate scanning transmission electron microscopy (P-STEM) to observe heat-elongated PVDF. P-STEM is particularly effective in examining materials composed of light elements. We successfully visualized the lamellar structure, which was characterized by a layered arrangement of crystalline and amorphous regions. The period of the lamellar structure was approximately 7 nm, which was in good agreement with the results of small-angle X-ray scattering studies. In addition, high-magnification P-STEM images revealed that bundle-like structures oriented in the elongation direction were likely crystalline regions. This result indicates that P-STEM provides detailed local information regarding the orientation of the PVDF polymer chains.
期刊介绍:
Polymer is an interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing innovative and significant advances in Polymer Physics, Chemistry and Technology. We welcome submissions on polymer hybrids, nanocomposites, characterisation and self-assembly. Polymer also publishes work on the technological application of polymers in energy and optoelectronics.
The main scope is covered but not limited to the following core areas:
Polymer Materials
Nanocomposites and hybrid nanomaterials
Polymer blends, films, fibres, networks and porous materials
Physical Characterization
Characterisation, modelling and simulation* of molecular and materials properties in bulk, solution, and thin films
Polymer Engineering
Advanced multiscale processing methods
Polymer Synthesis, Modification and Self-assembly
Including designer polymer architectures, mechanisms and kinetics, and supramolecular polymerization
Technological Applications
Polymers for energy generation and storage
Polymer membranes for separation technology
Polymers for opto- and microelectronics.