同类相食的考古学:与生存和仪式性同类相食相关的语音学特征综述

IF 3.2 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
Silvia M. Bello
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引用次数: 0

摘要

骨考古人类组合的语音学研究主要集中在建立可识别的标记,使我们能够区分人为引起的变化和自然原因,或者如何区分同类相食和二次埋葬。很少有人关注与同类相食的不同动机相关的具体音素模式。在本文中,我提出了考古人类组合的回顾,其诱导的修改被解释为生存或仪式性的同类相食,基于它们与历史和民族志证据的联系。在这些组合中观察到的不同屠宰和修饰模式的广泛范围表明,仅凭骨学证据和地形学特征的频率不能明确地识别不同形式的同类相食。然而,环境、历史和考古背景可以为同类相食的类型提供线索。特别是,在环境背景和与同类相食行为相关的机会主义行为中,发现了将同类相食作为一种生存事件的最有力论据。另一方面,仪式性同类相食的证据来自于它在历史背景下的反复出现,作为一种广泛的活动,作为一种既定的习惯行为。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Archaeology of Cannibalism: a Review of the Taphonomic Traits Associated with Survival and Ritualistic Cannibalism

Taphonomic studies of osteoarchaeological human assemblages have mainly focused on establishing recognisable markers that allow us to discriminate between humanly induced modifications from natural causes, or how to differentiate cannibalism from secondary burial. Less attention has been dedicated to recognise specific taphonomic patterns associated with the different motivations for cannibalism. In this paper, I present a review of archaeological human assemblages whose induced modifications have been interpreted either as survival or ritualistic cannibalism, based on their association with historic and ethnographic evidence. The broad range of different butchery and modification patterns observed for these assemblages suggests that the osteological evidence and the frequency of taphonomic traits alone cannot be used to unequivocally identify different forms of cannibalism. However, the environmental, historical and archaeological contexts can offer indications on the type of cannibalism practiced. In particular, the strongest arguments for cannibalism as a survival event are found within the environmental context and the opportunistic behaviour associated with the cannibalistic act. On the other hand, evidence for ritualistic cannibalism comes from its recurrent appearance within a historical context, as a widespread activity over time and as an established customary behaviour for the group involved.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
8.70%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: The Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, the leading journal in its field,  presents original articles that address method- or theory-focused issues of current archaeological interest and represent significant explorations on the cutting edge of the discipline.   The journal also welcomes topical syntheses that critically assess and integrate research on a specific subject in archaeological method or theory, as well as examinations of the history of archaeology.    Written by experts, the articles benefit an international audience of archaeologists, students of archaeology, and practitioners of closely related disciplines.  Specific topics covered in recent issues include:  the use of nitche construction theory in archaeology,  new developments in the use of soil chemistry in archaeological interpretation, and a model for the prehistoric development of clothing.  The Journal''s distinguished Editorial Board includes archaeologists with worldwide archaeological knowledge (the Americas, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, and Africa), and expertise in a wide range of methodological and theoretical issues.  Rated ''A'' in the European Reference Index for the Humanities (ERIH) Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory is rated ''A'' in the ERIH, a new reference index that aims to help evenly access the scientific quality of Humanities research output. For more information visit: http://www.esf.org/research-areas/humanities/activities/research-infrastructures.html Rated ''A'' in the Australian Research Council Humanities and Creative Arts Journal List.  For more information, visit: http://www.arc.gov.au/era/journal_list_dev.htm
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