Charge state distribution for 1.78–3.93 MeV/u Si projectiles passing through 10 [formula omitted] carbon foil

The charge state distribution of Si projectiles with energies ranging from 1.78 to 3.93 MeV/u, and initial charge states Sip+(p=4−10), was investigated after traversing a 10 μg/cm2 carbon foil. This study was focused on determining the relevant parameters of the outgoing projectile such as the charge state distribution fraction (Fq), the mean charge state (qm), distribution width (w), and asymmetric/skewness parameter (s). These parameters were then compared with predictions from the Fermi gas model and ETACHA4. Notably, a significant disparity was observed between the experimental measurements and the theoretical calculations, with the latter overestimating the former. This overestimation was attributed to non-radiative electron capture (NREC) occurring at the exit surface, influenced by the wake and dynamic screening effects. Understanding and accurately determining the charge state distribution parameters hold immense importance in various scientific applications including in the field of plasma studies, these fractions of charge states are directly utilized to tackle complex problems and facilitate the detection of superheavy ions. Furthermore, these parameters play a vital role in enhancing our understanding of ion behavior, collision dynamics, and plasma characteristics. The insight observed from such parameters may be used to refine the theoretical models for accurate predictions and in planning of experiments involving ion interactions.