探索2002-2022年青少年心理症状性别差距扩大背后的机制:国家层面性别平等的作用

IF 6.5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Margreet E. de Looze, Alina Cosma, Frank J. Elgar, Karen Schrijvers, Jo Inchley, Sophie D. Walsh, Gonneke W. J. M. Stevens
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在过去几十年中,青少年,特别是女孩的内化问题大大增加,导致性别差距扩大。本研究调查了在2002-2022年期间,在性别平等程度较高的国家,心理症状的性别差距是否扩大得更多,如果是这样,在多大程度上可以通过这些国家中男孩和女孩的压力源(即学业压力、身体不满意、同学支持度低)经历的变化来解释。方法将性别不平等的国家数据(联合国开发计划署性别不平等指数)与43个国家(N = 1,268,220)的学龄儿童健康行为(HBSC)研究(2002-2022)的汇总个人数据相结合。心理症状的绝对和相对性别差距在调查周期、GII及其相互作用上回归。然后,在模型中加入调查周期与学业压力、身体不满意或同学支持的交互作用。结果:2002年至2022年间,在性别更平等的国家,心理症状的绝对和相对性别差距的扩大更为明显,主要原因是这些国家的女孩心理症状的增加幅度更大。此外,在性别更平等的国家,对男孩,尤其是女孩来说,学业压力和同学支持的时间趋势不太有利。在性别更平等的国家,女孩的学业压力增加更大,这在一定程度上解释了这些国家心理症状的绝对性别差距增加的原因。结论:虽然在21世纪初,国家层面的性别平等与男孩和女孩的心理健康呈正相关,但近年来,这种关系对女孩来说已经变成了负相关。性别平等对女孩心理健康的好处可能因压力源,特别是学业压力的增加而黯然失色。这些发现并不是在鼓吹性别平等是一种消极的情况,而是表明,要实现完全的性别平等,让男性和女性真正分担日常生活中的负担和压力,还有很多工作要做。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Exploring mechanisms behind the increasing gender gap in adolescent psychological symptoms, 2002–2022: the role of national‐level gender equality
BackgroundInternalising problems have increased considerably among adolescents in the last decades, particularly among girls, resulting in widening gender gaps. This study examined whether the gender gap in psychological symptoms increased more in more gender‐equal countries in the period 2002–2022, and if so, to what extent this could be explained by changes over time in the experience of stressors (i.e. schoolwork pressure, body dissatisfaction, low classmate support) among boys and girls in these countries.MethodsNational data on gender inequality (UNDP Gender Inequality Index) were combined with aggregated individual‐level data from the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) study (2002–2022) across 43 countries (N = 1,268,220). Absolute and relative gender gaps in psychological symptoms were regressed on survey cycle, GII and their interaction. Next, interactions of survey cycle and either schoolwork pressure, body dissatisfaction or classmate support were added to the model.ResultsIncreases in the absolute and relative gender gap in psychological symptoms between 2002 and 2022 were stronger in more gender‐equal countries, mainly due to larger increases in psychological symptoms among girls in these countries. Also, less favourable time trends for schoolwork pressure and classmate support were found in more gender‐equal countries for boys and especially girls. The larger increase in schoolwork pressure among girls in more gender‐equal countries partly explained the increased absolute gender gap in psychological symptoms in these countries.ConclusionsWhile national‐level gender equality was positively associated with boys' and girls' mental health in the early 2000s, this association has become negative for girls in more recent years. The benefits of gender equality for girls' mental health may have become overshadowed by the increased experience of stressors, especially schoolwork pressure. Far from advocating that gender equality is a negative situation, these findings suggest that much work remains to achieve full gender equality, where men and women really share the burdens and stressors in everyday life.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
13.80
自引率
5.30%
发文量
169
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) is a highly regarded international publication that focuses on the fields of child and adolescent psychology and psychiatry. It is recognized for publishing top-tier, clinically relevant research across various disciplines related to these areas. JCPP has a broad global readership and covers a diverse range of topics, including: Epidemiology: Studies on the prevalence and distribution of mental health issues in children and adolescents. Diagnosis: Research on the identification and classification of childhood disorders. Treatments: Psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions for child and adolescent mental health. Behavior and Cognition: Studies on the behavioral and cognitive aspects of childhood disorders. Neuroscience and Neurobiology: Research on the neural and biological underpinnings of child mental health. Genetics: Genetic factors contributing to the development of childhood disorders. JCPP serves as a platform for integrating empirical research, clinical studies, and high-quality reviews from diverse perspectives, theoretical viewpoints, and disciplines. This interdisciplinary approach is a key feature of the journal, as it fosters a comprehensive understanding of child and adolescent mental health. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry is published 12 times a year and is affiliated with the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (ACAMH), which supports the journal's mission to advance knowledge and practice in the field of child and adolescent mental health.
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