Evaluation of the flying focal spot technology in a wide-angle digital breast tomosynthesis system.

Purpose: We characterize the flying focal spot (FFS) technology in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), designed to overcome source motion blurring.

Approach: A wide-angle DBT system with continuous gantry and focus motion ("uncompensated focus") and a system with FFS were compared for image sharpness and lesion detectability. The modulation transfer function (MTF) was assessed as a function of height in the projections and reconstructed images, along with lesion detectability using the contrast detail phantom for mammography (CDMAM) and the L1 phantom.

Results: For the uncompensated focus system, the spatial frequency for 25% MTF value ( $f_{25\%}$ ) measured at 2, 4, and 6 cm in DBT projections fell by 35%, 49%, and 59%, respectively in the tube-travel direction compared with the FFS system. There was no significant difference in $f_{25\%}$ for the front-back and tube-travel directions for the FFS unit. The in-plane MTF in the tube-travel direction also improved with the FFS technology.The threshold gold thickness ( $T_t$ ) for the 0.16-mm diameter discs of contrast detail phantom for mammography (CDMAM) improved for the FFS system in DBT mode, especially at greater heights above the table; $T_t$ at 45 and 65 mm improved by 16% and 24%, respectively, compared with the uncompensated focus system. In addition, improvements in calcification and mass detection in a structured background were observed for DBT and synthetic mammography. The FFS system demonstrated faster scan times (4.8 s versus 21.7 s), potentially reducing patient motion artifacts.

Conclusions: The FFS technology offers isotropic resolution, improved small detail detectability, and faster scan times in DBT mode compared with the traditional continuous gantry and focus motion approach.