{"title":"马驹第一年粪便样本中的微生物病原体。","authors":"Clarissa Jung, Michaela Gentil, Elisabeth Müller","doi":"10.1055/a-2450-9531","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to investigate the age dependent occurrence of different infectious agents in foals with diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fecal samples, which were submitted to a commercial laboratory for a PCR-profile \"Foal Diarrhea Pathogens\" from 01.01.2021 up to 31.12.2022 (n=144), were examined for Equine Coronavirus (ECoV), <i>Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis</i>, <i>Rhodococcus (R.) hoagii</i> (<i>=R. equi</i>), <i>Clostridium (Cl.) perfringens</i> toxin-encoding genes <i>cpa</i>, <i>cpe</i>, <i>cpb</i>, <i>etx</i> and <i>netF</i>, <i>Clostridioides (C.) difficile</i> toxin-encoding genes <i>tcdA</i> and <i>tcdB</i>, as well as Rotavirus A via PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathogens could be detected in a high proportion (42.9%) of the samples. Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in the current study, followed by clostridial species. Especially in foals younger than one month, <i>netF</i>-producing <i>Cl. perfringens</i> was detected frequently. In this age group, <i>netF</i>-producing <i>Cl. perfringens</i> was as prevalent as Rotavirus A. In comparison, <i>R. hoagii</i>, <i>L. intracellularis</i> and ECoV were detected rarely. <i>Cl. perfringens</i> toxin-encoding genes <i>cpb</i> and <i>etx</i> were not present in the examined samples. In general, the previously known age dependency of the investigated pathogens could be confirmed. Nevertheless, Rotavirus A and <i>netF</i>-positive <i>Cl. perfringens</i> could also be detected outside of the most susceptible age group. Coinfections with the examined pathogens had a low prevalence in the current study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, the examined pathogens showed an age dependent occurrence, but infections in foals outside of the common age group could not be ruled out with certainty due to small sample numbers in some of the age groups. Although Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in this study, <i>netF</i>-producing <i>Cl. perfringens</i> is an important differential diagnosis, especially in newborn foals. The diagnostic approach in diarrheic foals should contain a broad spectrum of pathogens. This is not only important to detect coinfections, but also to detect shedders, in order to protect other horses in the stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":23115,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","volume":"52 6","pages":"327-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Microbiological pathogens in fecal samples of foals during the first year of life.\",\"authors\":\"Clarissa Jung, Michaela Gentil, Elisabeth Müller\",\"doi\":\"10.1055/a-2450-9531\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to investigate the age dependent occurrence of different infectious agents in foals with diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fecal samples, which were submitted to a commercial laboratory for a PCR-profile \\\"Foal Diarrhea Pathogens\\\" from 01.01.2021 up to 31.12.2022 (n=144), were examined for Equine Coronavirus (ECoV), <i>Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis</i>, <i>Rhodococcus (R.) hoagii</i> (<i>=R. equi</i>), <i>Clostridium (Cl.) perfringens</i> toxin-encoding genes <i>cpa</i>, <i>cpe</i>, <i>cpb</i>, <i>etx</i> and <i>netF</i>, <i>Clostridioides (C.) difficile</i> toxin-encoding genes <i>tcdA</i> and <i>tcdB</i>, as well as Rotavirus A via PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathogens could be detected in a high proportion (42.9%) of the samples. Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in the current study, followed by clostridial species. Especially in foals younger than one month, <i>netF</i>-producing <i>Cl. perfringens</i> was detected frequently. In this age group, <i>netF</i>-producing <i>Cl. perfringens</i> was as prevalent as Rotavirus A. In comparison, <i>R. hoagii</i>, <i>L. intracellularis</i> and ECoV were detected rarely. <i>Cl. perfringens</i> toxin-encoding genes <i>cpb</i> and <i>etx</i> were not present in the examined samples. In general, the previously known age dependency of the investigated pathogens could be confirmed. Nevertheless, Rotavirus A and <i>netF</i>-positive <i>Cl. perfringens</i> could also be detected outside of the most susceptible age group. Coinfections with the examined pathogens had a low prevalence in the current study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, the examined pathogens showed an age dependent occurrence, but infections in foals outside of the common age group could not be ruled out with certainty due to small sample numbers in some of the age groups. Although Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in this study, <i>netF</i>-producing <i>Cl. perfringens</i> is an important differential diagnosis, especially in newborn foals. The diagnostic approach in diarrheic foals should contain a broad spectrum of pathogens. This is not only important to detect coinfections, but also to detect shedders, in order to protect other horses in the stable.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23115,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere\",\"volume\":\"52 6\",\"pages\":\"327-335\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2450-9531\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/12/5 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2450-9531","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/12/5 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbiological pathogens in fecal samples of foals during the first year of life.
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the age dependent occurrence of different infectious agents in foals with diarrhea.
Material and methods: Fecal samples, which were submitted to a commercial laboratory for a PCR-profile "Foal Diarrhea Pathogens" from 01.01.2021 up to 31.12.2022 (n=144), were examined for Equine Coronavirus (ECoV), Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis, Rhodococcus (R.) hoagii (=R. equi), Clostridium (Cl.) perfringens toxin-encoding genes cpa, cpe, cpb, etx and netF, Clostridioides (C.) difficile toxin-encoding genes tcdA and tcdB, as well as Rotavirus A via PCR.
Results: Pathogens could be detected in a high proportion (42.9%) of the samples. Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in the current study, followed by clostridial species. Especially in foals younger than one month, netF-producing Cl. perfringens was detected frequently. In this age group, netF-producing Cl. perfringens was as prevalent as Rotavirus A. In comparison, R. hoagii, L. intracellularis and ECoV were detected rarely. Cl. perfringens toxin-encoding genes cpb and etx were not present in the examined samples. In general, the previously known age dependency of the investigated pathogens could be confirmed. Nevertheless, Rotavirus A and netF-positive Cl. perfringens could also be detected outside of the most susceptible age group. Coinfections with the examined pathogens had a low prevalence in the current study.
Conclusions: In general, the examined pathogens showed an age dependent occurrence, but infections in foals outside of the common age group could not be ruled out with certainty due to small sample numbers in some of the age groups. Although Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in this study, netF-producing Cl. perfringens is an important differential diagnosis, especially in newborn foals. The diagnostic approach in diarrheic foals should contain a broad spectrum of pathogens. This is not only important to detect coinfections, but also to detect shedders, in order to protect other horses in the stable.
期刊介绍：
Die Tierärztliche Praxis wendet sich mit ihren beiden Reihen als einzige veterinärmedizinische Fachzeitschrift explizit an den Großtier- bzw. Kleintierpraktiker und garantiert damit eine zielgruppengenaue Ansprache. Für den Spezialisten bietet sie Original- oder Übersichtsartikel zu neuen Therapie- und Operationsverfahren oder den Einsatz moderner bildgebender Verfahren. Der weniger spezialisierte Tierarzt oder Berufseinsteiger findet auf seinen Berufsalltag zugeschnittene praxisbezogene Beiträge in der Fortbildungsrubrik „Aus Studium und Praxis“. Mit dem hervorgehobenen „Fazit für die Praxis“ am Ende jedes Artikels verschafft sich auch der eilige Leser einen raschen Überblick über die wichtigsten Inhalte dieser modern konzipierten Fachzeitschrift mit den vielen hochwertigen, überwiegend farbigen Abbildungen. In jedem Heft ermöglicht ein ATF-anerkannter Fortbildungsartikel den Erwerb einer ATF-Stunde (Akademie für tierärztliche Fortbildung).
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