Ovarian reserve, metabolic and neuroendocrine profiles of cadets from Air Force Academy: a pilot study.

Background: Intensive physical activity and rigid dietary regimes can act as modifiers of neuroendocrine axes in women, inducing hormonal disorders and related menstrual irregularities such as functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). It would be important to evaluate if such disturbances may worsen female fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian reserve markers and neuroendocrine axis in young military academy female cadets with years of training and occurrence of FHA.

Methods: This is a prospective pilot study involving young female cadets from the Military Academy training program. Ovarian reserve markers and metabolic and neuroendocrine factors in the early follicular phase were measured with blood tests and transvaginal ultrasound.

Results: The study group consisted of 11 women belonging to the first year of training and the control group of 33 women belonging to the second to sixth year of training. No differences were found about ovarian reserve markers between the two groups. Moreover, the occurrence of FHA did not modify the ovarian reserve compared to eumenorrhea in both groups. Women from the study group showed significantly higher levels of fasting Insulin (42.18±26.14 uUI/mL versus 11.9±10.2 ng/mL, P value <0.001) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (310.06±67.90 uUI/mL versus 248.67±61.57 uUI/mL, P value = 0.015) compared with control group.

Conclusions: Both intense physical training and FHA do not appear to impact the ovarian reserve of young female cadets. Although preliminary, these findings seem reassuring about the reproductive health of these women and their future fertility.