The Association Between Antioxidant Enzyme Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Jazan Province.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, which results in initiates oxidative stress and disrupts various cellular pathways. In this study, we examined the relationship between polymorphisms in antioxidant enzymes, specifically glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and catalase (CAT), and the susceptibility to T2DM in a Saudi population from the Jazan Province.

Methods: A total of 419 participants were evaluated, including 247 T2DM patients and 172 controls. They were genotyped for the GPx1 Pro198Leu and CAT-262C/T polymorphisms by a PCR-based method.

Results: The results indicated that individuals with the CAT T/T genotype had a 60% lower likelihood of developing T2DM compared with those harboring the C/C genotype (uOD 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.8, p = 0.04); however, no significant association was observed between the GPx1 polymorphism and T2DM.

Discussion: The results suggest that CAT polymorphism may confer a protective effect against T2DM, whereas the GPx1 polymorphism appears not to be a determinant of T2DM susceptibility in this population. Further studies including larger and more diverse cohorts are necessary to validate these results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Understanding the genetic factors that contribute to T2DM is essential for developing targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.