Impact of TiO2 Nanoparticles as Protective Sunscreen Cream on Earthworms via Histological and Electron Microscopic Studies

Maintaining the stability of environmental organisms is crucial for their survival, yet it face significant challenges due to climate change, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation can cause severe damage to DNA, and lead to morphological changes, deformities, and even death. This damage can be mitigated through the use of protective creams manufactured using nanotechnology. In this work, we investigate the effects of UV-C radiation on earthworms, with a focus on their skin damage response. We employed histological examination and electron microscopy to study these effects in detail. Our findings reveal that earthworms display extreme sensitivity when exposed to UV-C light. As an initial defensive response, they produce a subterranean fluid post-autopsy. However, increased doses of UV-C lead to tissue inflammation and subsequent death. Notably, when TiO₂ nanoparticles were applied before UV-C exposure, they effectively protected the worms from UV-induced damage. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of UV radiation on earthworms and highlights the potential of nanotechnology in offering protection.