F-words and early intervention ingredients for non-ambulant children with cerebral palsy: A scoping review

This study looked at what works best in early intervention programs for young children with cerebral palsy who are unlikely to walk independently. Six key areas important for child development, also known as the ‘F-words’, were focused on. (1) Functioning: this refers to a child's ability to do everyday tasks. (2) Fitness: this includes a child's overall physical health and strength. (3) Family: this considers how well the family copes and functions with the child's condition. (4) Fun: this acknowledges the importance of play and leisure activities for the child's well-being. (5) Friends: this emphasizes the importance of social interaction with other children. (6) Future: this looks at how interventions can prepare the child for a fulfilling life.

The researchers reviewed a number of studies and listed the following recommendations for best practices in early interventions for this group of children. (1) Family-centered care: providers should partner with parents and caregivers in the intervention plan and teach them techniques to help their child at home. (2) Formal parent training programs that specifically teach parents how to support their child's development showed positive results. (3) Assistive technology: using tools like wheelchairs, standing frames, or adapted toys can promote several of the ‘F-words’ such as fitness, functioning, and friends. (4) Other factors like how therapy is delivered, therapist training, and adapting the environment to the child's needs were found to be significant.

The study also highlighted areas where more research is needed. There was not as much strong evidence for the impact of interventions on fun, friends, and future.