Biomimetic methodology as a sustainable tool for enhanced photocatalytic reduction of CO2

In this current technological world, the unrestrained release of CO₂ negatively impacts the atmosphere by global warming. The capture of CO₂ and converting it into accessible solar fuels is a prominent scientific and technological breakthrough that tackles both the rising climate change and energy crisis issues. The dual beneficial approach focusing on solar-energy-driven reduction of CO₂ to valuable energy fuels is one of the most promising sustainable strategies. In consideration of this, it has been recently observed that biomimetic strategies that incorporate intricate structural design with massive functional components offer a sustainable technological feature. Inspired by the remarkably efficient process of photosynthesis in nature, the fabrication of synthetic leaves for artificial photosynthesis emerges as an attractive avenue that addresses the dual challenges of climate change and energy scarcity with inventive and sustainable methods. This review deals with the fabrication of biomimetic materials with high surface area and efficient charge transfer mechanisms, to improve photocatalytic performance and develop sustainable solutions for CO₂ capture and conversion into solar fuels. The research highlights that the current challenges hinder the advancements of the process from its nascent stage and outlines future research endeavors necessary to elevate it from a rudimentary artificial leaf concept to a commercially viable artificial tree technology with significant industrial value.