GIS-based approach including social considerations for identifying locations for solar and wind power plants

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating and identifying potential areas for the installa- tion of solar and wind power plants, including consideration of social aspects. The methodology is based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and maps derived from open data provided by various institutions. Multi-criteria analysis is used, which considers environmental and physical conditions, as well as social indicators and the specific cultural and economic characteristics of the area under analysis. The objective of this is to explore the intersection of potential power plant locations with social maps that represent different problematics that can be critical to the successful implementation of a generation project in a given area. The results indicate that solar energy is the most viable resource for electric generation in the Colombian territory. This can be equivalent to a total of 8.24T W · km². In contrast, when considering the environmental impact, it becomes evident that viable zones begin to shift away from bodies of water and areas that are natural reserves. The results obtained are not only relevant for energy planning in Colombia, but may also be applicable in other contexts, contributing to the development of sustainable energy strategies at a global level. Furthermore, the methodology can serve as a model for other developing countries that seek to transition towards a more sustainable energy future.