城市形态对车辆行驶里程与空气污染关系的影响

IF 3.9 Q2 TRANSPORTATION
Nicole S. Ngo , Zhenpeng Zou , Yizhao Yang , Edward Wei
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在过去的一个世纪里,随着城市地区的发展,以容纳更多的城市人口,美国各地的建筑和自然环境发生了重大变化。然而,关于城市形态的这些变化如何影响交通和健康的重要关系:车辆行驶里程(VMT)和空气污染的研究很少。例如,研究表明,城市地区通常有更高的建筑密度,相对于污染可以更广泛扩散的农村或开放空间,城市地区可以捕获更多的空气污染。由于缺乏关于VMT的详细数据,以及方法上的挑战,使得评估这种关系变得困难。为了解决这个问题,我们使用了一个准实验框架和一个独特的数据集来研究2019冠状病毒病大流行期间车辆行驶里程(VMT)的巨大变化如何影响空气污染,以及城市形态是否或如何调节了这种关系。我们使用了2020年1月至8月期间美国连续地区的详细县级每日VMT和空气质量数据。我们的研究结果表明,在城市县,车辆行驶里程与空气污染之间存在统计学上显著的正相关关系,但在农村县,车辆行驶里程对空气污染的边际效应要么在统计学上不显著,要么很小。这项研究的结果表明,与农村地区相比,由于建筑环境的原因,努力减少城市地区VMT或车辆排放的边际影响可能会导致空气质量的更大改善。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The impact of urban form on the relationship between vehicle miles traveled and air pollution
In the past century, there have been major shifts in the built and natural environment across the U.S. as urban areas grow to accommodate larger urban populations. Yet, there is little research on how these changes in urban form could affect an important relationship in transportation and health: vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and air pollution. For example, studies show urban areas typically have a higher building density, which can trap in more air pollution relative to rural or open spaces where pollution can disperse more widely. A lack of detailed data on VMT, as well as methodological challenges have made assessing this relationship difficult. To address this, we use a quasi-experimental framework and a unique dataset to examine how a dramatic change in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) during the COVID-19 pandemic affected air pollution and if or how urban form moderated this relationship. We use detailed county-level daily VMT and air quality data in the contiguous U.S. between January and August 2020. Our results show statistically significant positive correlations between VMT and air pollution in urban counties, but in rural counties the marginal effect of VMT on air pollution was either statistically insignificant or very small. Results from this study suggest that efforts to reduce the marginal impact of VMT or vehicle emissions in urban areas could lead to a greater improvement in air quality when compared to more rural counties due to the built environment.
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来源期刊
Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives Engineering-Automotive Engineering
CiteScore
12.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
185
审稿时长
22 weeks
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