Gaps and solutions for large scale production of cultured meat: a review on last findings

Despite initial expectations, the full-scale industrialization of cultured meat has not yet been realized owing to technical difficulties yet to be resolved. Therefore, this review discusses the delayed industrialization of cultured meat and strategies to overcome this delay. The identified challenges include a low cell growth rate, consistency, muscle satellite cell differentiation, completely defined medium components and their roles in myogenesis, effective fetal bovine serum replacement, and the inconsistencies of muscle formation in vitro. Another reason for the delay is the inherent dependence on animal-sourced cell culture products, which raise ethical concerns and are not considered safe for consumption. Technologies related to efficient cultured meat production remain imperative. This study also emphasizes the importance of using cell lines or immortalized cells and efficient culturing strategies to achieve the full industrialization of cultured meat.