Sulfide-based solid electrolyte and electrode membranes for all-solid-state lithium batteries

Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have garnered significant attention from both academia and industry due to their potential to address the limited energy density and safety concerns of conventional Li-ion batteries (LIBs), while benefiting from the high ionic conductivity and ductility of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs). Developing sulfide SE membranes and sulfide-containing composite electrode membranes is crucial for maximizing the use of existing LIB manufacturing equipment and technologies in ASSLB production. However, compared to the rapid advancements in sulfide-based prototype cells, progress in sulfide-based membranes and corresponding pouch cells has been relatively slow. This review aims to bridge that gap by summarizing the evolution of sulfide-based membranes as a valuable resource for researchers. We begin by discussing the development and properties of sulfide SEs. Then, we elaborate on the various strategies for preparing sulfide-based membranes, including solvent-assisted coating processes (focusing on solvent, binder, and skeleton/substrate selection), solvent-free dry processes (binder selection for fibrillation and hot-pressing, as well as the use of skeletons), and other fabrication methods. Finally, we analyze the chemical and physical requirements for sulfide-based membranes and the resulting pouch cells, and provide an outlook on the challenges and prospects for sulfide-based membranes and ASS pouch cells.