实体器官移植中的虫媒病毒:文献综述。

IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q2 VIROLOGY
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI:10.3390/v16111778
Kiran Gajurel, Reshika Dhakal, Stan Deresinski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近几十年来,虫媒病毒感染的发病率不断上升。除登革热、基孔肯雅和西尼罗河病毒外,有关实体器官移植(SOT)中虫媒病毒的数据仅限于病例报告,而肾移植受者感染的病例占报告病例的大多数。与普通人群相比,SOT 患者感染登革热和西尼罗河病毒的情况似乎更为严重,死亡率也更高。急性肾损伤在登革热和基孔肯雅病毒感染者中更为常见,但基孔肯雅病毒感染者出现持续性关节痛的情况较少。虫媒病毒感染与急性细胞排斥之间没有明确的关系。在虫媒病毒活动增加时,应对供体进行移植前筛查,但尽管对供体进行了筛查,供体核酸扩增试验(NAT)也呈阴性,供体衍生感染仍可能发生。核酸扩增检测可能会出现一过性阳性。IgM 检测缺乏特异性,中和抗体检测更具特异性,但不易获得。还可以进行其他检测,如免疫组化、抗原检测、聚合酶链反应、元基因组检测和病毒培养。目前有一些针对某些虫媒病毒的疫苗,但应避免使用活疫苗。治疗主要是支持性的。要了解SOT的流行病学和临床病程,还需要更多有关虫媒病毒感染的数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Arbovirus in Solid Organ Transplants: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

The incidence of arbovirus infections has increased in recent decades. Other than dengue, chikungunya, and West Nile viruses, the data on arbovirus in solid organ transplant (SOT) are limited to case reports, and infections in renal transplant recipients account for most of the reported cases. Dengue and West Nile infections seem to be more severe with higher mortality in SOT patients than in the general population. Acute kidney injury is more frequent in patients with dengue and chikungunya although persistent arthralgia with the latter is less frequent. There is no clear relationship between arboviral infection and acute cellular rejection. Pre-transplant screening of donors should be implemented during increased arboviral activity but, despite donor screening and negative donor nucleic acid amplification test (NAT), donor derived infection can occur. NAT may be transiently positive. IgM tests lack specificity, and neutralizing antibody assays are more specific but not readily available. Other tests, such as immunohistochemistry, antigen tests, PCR, metagenomic assays, and viral culture, can also be performed. There are a few vaccines available against some arboviruses, but live vaccines should be avoided. Treatment is largely supportive. More data on arboviral infection in SOT are needed to understand its epidemiology and clinical course.

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来源期刊
Viruses-Basel
Viruses-Basel VIROLOGY-
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
12.80%
发文量
2445
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915) is an open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies of viruses. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, conference reports and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. We also encourage the publication of timely reviews and commentaries on topics of interest to the virology community and feature highlights from the virology literature in the ''News and Views'' section. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.
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