A Mycovirus Representing a Novel Lineage and a Mitovirus of Botrytis cinerea Co-Infect a Basidiomycetous Fungus, Schizophyllum commune.

Strain IBc-114 was isolated from a gray mold lesion and was identified as the fungus Schizophyllum commune. In this strain, two mycoviruses, Schizophyllum commune RNA virus 1 (ScRV1, C_AA053475.1) and Botrytis cinerea mitovirus 9 strain IBc-114 (BcMV9/IBc-114, C_AA053476.1), were isolated and characterized. ScRV1 has flexuous filamentous particles about 20 ± 2.1 nm in diameter and 1000 ± 94.2 nm in length. The genome of ScRV1 is 7370 nt in length and contains two open reading frames (ORFs) which encode a polyprotein and a coat protein, respectively. The polyprotein has 1967 aa, including a helicase domain and an RdRp domain which has the highest identity of 28.21% with that of Entomophthora benyvirus E (EbVE). The coat protein has 241 aa which is mostly phylogenetically close to the coat proteins of Alphatetraviridae. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of ScRV1 and viruses selected, ScRV1 might represent a new family (temporarily named Mycobenyviridae) of the order Hepelivirales. The genome of BcMV9/IBc-114 that infects S. commune is 2729 nt in length and has only one ORF encoding an RdRp protein with 719 aa. BcMV9/IBc-114 has the highest identity of 98.61% with Botrytis cinerea mitovirus 9 (BcMV9) (MT089704). ScRV1, but not BcMV9/IBc-114, has certain effects on the host growth of S. commune. Furthermore, BcMV9/IBc-114 has been demonstrated to replicate in the ascomycetous fungi Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and it negatively affects the growth and pathogenicity of B. cinerea, but it does not affect S. sclerotiorum. This is the first report of mycoviruses in S. commune and cross-phyla transmission of mitovirus in nature.