通过载体化受体分子表达快速开发用于传染病研究的小型啮齿动物模型。

IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q2 VIROLOGY
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI:10.3390/v16111794
Melanie M Goens, Erin L Howard, Bryce M Warner, Leonardo Susta, Sarah K Wootton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

具有大流行潜能的病原体的出现和再次出现一直是历史上持续存在的问题。近几十年来,冠状病毒科、丝状病毒科、副粘病毒科、弗拉维病毒科和 Togaviridae 科的人畜共患病毒大量爆发,造成大范围感染。人畜共患病病毒病原体和相关感染的不断出现,凸显了预防策略和有效治疗的必要性。这项工作的核心是提供合适的动物模型,这对了解发病机制和评估传播动态至关重要。这些动物模型对于评估新型疫苗或疗法的安全性和有效性也至关重要,对于促进新产品的监管审批也至关重要。快速开发动物模型是大流行病应对和准备工作不可或缺的一个方面;然而,建立动物模型有几个限制性步骤,包括选择合适的物种、与共享和传播转基因动物相关的后勤挑战(例如,繁殖和维持群落需要大量时间)、技术专长的可用性以及伦理和监管审批。最近,一种快速开发相关动物模型的方法(主要是由于 COVID-19 大流行)受到了广泛关注,这种方法就是使用基因治疗载体在容易获得的实验动物体内表达人类病毒受体,以实现病毒感染和临床疾病的发展。这些模型可以在任何基因背景下快速开发,从而使机理研究和加速评估新型对策成为可能。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论利用病毒载体方法有效开发动物模型的重要注意事项,并回顾目前用于研究病毒发病机制和评估预防与治疗策略的基于载体的动物模型,重点是基于载体表达人血管紧张素转换酶 2 的 SARS-CoV-2 感染模型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rapid Development of Small Rodent Animal Models for Infectious Disease Research Through Vectorized Receptor Molecule Expression.

The emergence and re-emergence of pathogens with pandemic potential has been a persistent issue throughout history. Recent decades have seen significant outbreaks of zoonotic viruses from members of the Coronaviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Flaviviridae, and Togaviridae families, resulting in widespread infections. The continual emergence of zoonotic viral pathogens and associated infections highlights the need for prevention strategies and effective treatments. Central to this effort is the availability of suitable animal models, which are essential for understanding pathogenesis and assessing transmission dynamics. These animals are also critical for evaluating the safety and efficacy of novel vaccines or therapeutics and are essential in facilitating regulatory approval of new products. Rapid development of animal models is an integral aspect of pandemic response and preparedness; however, their establishment is fraught by several rate-limiting steps, including selection of a suitable species, the logistical challenges associated with sharing and disseminating transgenic animals (e.g., the time-intensive nature of breeding and maintaining colonies), the availability of technical expertise, as well as ethical and regulatory approvals. A method for the rapid development of relevant animal models that has recently gained traction, in large part due to the COVID-19 pandemic, is the use of gene therapy vectors to express human viral receptors in readily accessible laboratory animals to enable virus infection and development of clinical disease. These models can be developed rapidly on any genetic background, making mechanistic studies and accelerated evaluation of novel countermeasures possible. In this review, we will discuss important considerations for the effective development of animal models using viral vector approaches and review the current vector-based animal models for studying viral pathogenesis and evaluating prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, with an emphasis on models of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the vectorized expression of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.

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来源期刊
Viruses-Basel
Viruses-Basel VIROLOGY-
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
12.80%
发文量
2445
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915) is an open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies of viruses. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, conference reports and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. We also encourage the publication of timely reviews and commentaries on topics of interest to the virology community and feature highlights from the virology literature in the ''News and Views'' section. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.
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