Lindsey Contella, Christopher L Farrell, Luigi Boccuto, Alain H Litwin, Marion L Snyder
{"title":"物质使用障碍通过犬尿氨酸途径对色氨酸代谢的影响:叙述性综述。","authors":"Lindsey Contella, Christopher L Farrell, Luigi Boccuto, Alain H Litwin, Marion L Snyder","doi":"10.3390/metabo14110611","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Substance use disorder is a crisis impacting many people in the United States. This review aimed to identify the effect addictive substances have on the kynurenine pathway. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid metabolized by the serotonin and kynurenine pathways. The metabolites of these pathways play a role in the biological reward system. Addictive substances have been shown to cause imbalances in the ratios of these metabolites. With current treatment and therapeutic options being suboptimal, identifying biochemical mechanisms that are impacted during the use of addictive substances can provide alternative options for treatment or drug discovery. <b>Methods</b>: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies evaluating the relationship between substance use disorder and tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway. A total of 32 articles meeting eligibility criteria were used to review the relationship between the kynurenine pathway, tryptophan breakdown, and addictive substances. <b>Results:</b> The use of addictive substances dysregulates tryptophan metabolism and kynurenine metabolite concentrations. This imbalance directly affects the dopamine reward system and is thought to promote continued substance use. <b>Conclusions:</b> Further studies are needed to fully evaluate the metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, along with other options for treatment to repair the metabolite imbalance. Several possible therapeutics have been identified; drugs that restore homeostasis, such as Ro 61-8048 and natural products like <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> or <i>Decaisnea insignis</i>, are promising options for the treatment of substance use disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11597030/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Impact of Substance Use Disorder on Tryptophan Metabolism Through the Kynurenine Pathway: A Narrative Review.\",\"authors\":\"Lindsey Contella, Christopher L Farrell, Luigi Boccuto, Alain H Litwin, Marion L Snyder\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/metabo14110611\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Substance use disorder is a crisis impacting many people in the United States. This review aimed to identify the effect addictive substances have on the kynurenine pathway. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid metabolized by the serotonin and kynurenine pathways. The metabolites of these pathways play a role in the biological reward system. Addictive substances have been shown to cause imbalances in the ratios of these metabolites. With current treatment and therapeutic options being suboptimal, identifying biochemical mechanisms that are impacted during the use of addictive substances can provide alternative options for treatment or drug discovery. <b>Methods</b>: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies evaluating the relationship between substance use disorder and tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway. A total of 32 articles meeting eligibility criteria were used to review the relationship between the kynurenine pathway, tryptophan breakdown, and addictive substances. <b>Results:</b> The use of addictive substances dysregulates tryptophan metabolism and kynurenine metabolite concentrations. This imbalance directly affects the dopamine reward system and is thought to promote continued substance use. <b>Conclusions:</b> Further studies are needed to fully evaluate the metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, along with other options for treatment to repair the metabolite imbalance. Several possible therapeutics have been identified; drugs that restore homeostasis, such as Ro 61-8048 and natural products like <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> or <i>Decaisnea insignis</i>, are promising options for the treatment of substance use disorder.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18496,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Metabolites\",\"volume\":\"14 11\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11597030/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Metabolites\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14110611\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Metabolites","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14110611","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Impact of Substance Use Disorder on Tryptophan Metabolism Through the Kynurenine Pathway: A Narrative Review.
Background/Objectives: Substance use disorder is a crisis impacting many people in the United States. This review aimed to identify the effect addictive substances have on the kynurenine pathway. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid metabolized by the serotonin and kynurenine pathways. The metabolites of these pathways play a role in the biological reward system. Addictive substances have been shown to cause imbalances in the ratios of these metabolites. With current treatment and therapeutic options being suboptimal, identifying biochemical mechanisms that are impacted during the use of addictive substances can provide alternative options for treatment or drug discovery. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies evaluating the relationship between substance use disorder and tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway. A total of 32 articles meeting eligibility criteria were used to review the relationship between the kynurenine pathway, tryptophan breakdown, and addictive substances. Results: The use of addictive substances dysregulates tryptophan metabolism and kynurenine metabolite concentrations. This imbalance directly affects the dopamine reward system and is thought to promote continued substance use. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to fully evaluate the metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, along with other options for treatment to repair the metabolite imbalance. Several possible therapeutics have been identified; drugs that restore homeostasis, such as Ro 61-8048 and natural products like Tinospora cordifolia or Decaisnea insignis, are promising options for the treatment of substance use disorder.
MetabolitesBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Biology
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
7.30%
发文量
1070
审稿时长
17.17 days
期刊介绍:
Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal of metabolism and metabolomics. Metabolites publishes original research articles and review articles in all molecular aspects of metabolism relevant to the fields of metabolomics, metabolic biochemistry, computational and systems biology, biotechnology and medicine, with a particular focus on the biological roles of metabolites and small molecule biomarkers. Metabolites encourages scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on article length. Sufficient experimental details must be provided to enable the results to be accurately reproduced. Electronic material representing additional figures, materials and methods explanation, or supporting results and evidence can be submitted with the main manuscript as supplementary material.