Qianqian Jiang, Tiaolan Wang, Yongcai Li, Yang Bi, Miao Zhang, Xiaojing Wang, Dov B Prusky
{"title":"AaSlt2 是交替孢属无性繁殖、应激适应、感染结构形成和致病力所必需的。","authors":"Qianqian Jiang, Tiaolan Wang, Yongcai Li, Yang Bi, Miao Zhang, Xiaojing Wang, Dov B Prusky","doi":"10.3390/jof10110774","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Slt2 is an important component of the Slt2-MAPK pathway and plays critical regulatory roles in growth, cell wall integrity, melanin biosynthesis, and pathogenicity of plant fungi. <i>AaSlt2</i>, an ortholog of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae Slt2</i> gene, was identified from <i>A. alternata</i> in this study, and its function was clarified by knockout of the gene. The Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain of <i>A. alternata</i> was found to be defective in spore morphology, vegetative growth, and sporulation. Analysis of gene expression showed that expression of the <i>AaSlt2</i> gene was significantly up-regulated during infection structure formation of <i>A. alternata</i> on hydrophobic and pear wax extract-coated surfaces. Further tests on onion epidermis confirmed that spore germination was reduced in the Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain, together with decreased formation of appressorium and infection hyphae. Moreover, the Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain was sensitive to cell wall inhibitors, and showed significantly reduced virulence on pear fruit. Furthermore, cell wall degradation enzyme (CWDE) activities, melanin accumulation, and toxin biosynthesis were significantly lower in the Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain. Overall, the findings demonstrate the critical involvement of <i>AaSlt2</i> in growth regulation, stress adaptation, infection structure formation, and virulence in <i>A. alternata</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595810/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"<i>AaSlt2</i> Is Required for Vegetative Growth, Stress Adaption, Infection Structure Formation, and Virulence in <i>Alternaria alternata</i>.\",\"authors\":\"Qianqian Jiang, Tiaolan Wang, Yongcai Li, Yang Bi, Miao Zhang, Xiaojing Wang, Dov B Prusky\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/jof10110774\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Slt2 is an important component of the Slt2-MAPK pathway and plays critical regulatory roles in growth, cell wall integrity, melanin biosynthesis, and pathogenicity of plant fungi. <i>AaSlt2</i>, an ortholog of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae Slt2</i> gene, was identified from <i>A. alternata</i> in this study, and its function was clarified by knockout of the gene. The Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain of <i>A. alternata</i> was found to be defective in spore morphology, vegetative growth, and sporulation. Analysis of gene expression showed that expression of the <i>AaSlt2</i> gene was significantly up-regulated during infection structure formation of <i>A. alternata</i> on hydrophobic and pear wax extract-coated surfaces. Further tests on onion epidermis confirmed that spore germination was reduced in the Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain, together with decreased formation of appressorium and infection hyphae. Moreover, the Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain was sensitive to cell wall inhibitors, and showed significantly reduced virulence on pear fruit. Furthermore, cell wall degradation enzyme (CWDE) activities, melanin accumulation, and toxin biosynthesis were significantly lower in the Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain. Overall, the findings demonstrate the critical involvement of <i>AaSlt2</i> in growth regulation, stress adaptation, infection structure formation, and virulence in <i>A. alternata</i>.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15878,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Fungi\",\"volume\":\"10 11\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595810/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Fungi\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10110774\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MICROBIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Fungi","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10110774","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
AaSlt2 Is Required for Vegetative Growth, Stress Adaption, Infection Structure Formation, and Virulence in Alternaria alternata.
Slt2 is an important component of the Slt2-MAPK pathway and plays critical regulatory roles in growth, cell wall integrity, melanin biosynthesis, and pathogenicity of plant fungi. AaSlt2, an ortholog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Slt2 gene, was identified from A. alternata in this study, and its function was clarified by knockout of the gene. The ΔAaSlt2 strain of A. alternata was found to be defective in spore morphology, vegetative growth, and sporulation. Analysis of gene expression showed that expression of the AaSlt2 gene was significantly up-regulated during infection structure formation of A. alternata on hydrophobic and pear wax extract-coated surfaces. Further tests on onion epidermis confirmed that spore germination was reduced in the ΔAaSlt2 strain, together with decreased formation of appressorium and infection hyphae. Moreover, the ΔAaSlt2 strain was sensitive to cell wall inhibitors, and showed significantly reduced virulence on pear fruit. Furthermore, cell wall degradation enzyme (CWDE) activities, melanin accumulation, and toxin biosynthesis were significantly lower in the ΔAaSlt2 strain. Overall, the findings demonstrate the critical involvement of AaSlt2 in growth regulation, stress adaptation, infection structure formation, and virulence in A. alternata.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X) is an international, peer-reviewed scientific open access journal that provides an advanced forum for studies related to pathogenic fungi, fungal biology, and all other aspects of fungal research. The journal publishes reviews, regular research papers, and communications in quarterly issues. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on paper length. Full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.