肠道微生物产生的代谢物三甲胺氧化物与缺血性中风

IF 4.8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Biomolecules Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI:10.3390/biom14111463
Zhen Li, Xinyi He, Qi Fang, Xulong Yin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

三甲胺-N-氧化物(TMAO)是一种源自肠道微生物群的代谢物,其在体内的产生主要受膳食选择、肠道微生物群和肝脏黄素单加氧酶(FMO)的调节,并通过肾脏排出体外。TMAO 的水平与罹患心血管疾病的风险呈正相关。最近的研究发现,TMAO 在缺血性中风的发病过程中起着重要作用。在这篇综述中,我们描述了 TMAO 与缺血性中风危险因素(高血压、糖尿病、心房颤动、动脉粥样硬化、血栓形成等)、疾病风险、严重程度、预后结果和复发之间的关系,并讨论了它们相互作用的可能机制。重要的是,TMAO 可通过脂质代谢、泡沫细胞形成、内皮功能障碍(通过炎症、氧化应激和脓毒症)、血小板高反应性增强以及血管内皮组织因子的上调和激活,诱发动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成。尽管 TMAO 加剧疾病严重性及其对中风后神经功能恢复和复发风险的影响的致病机制仍不清楚,但可能涉及炎症、星形胶质细胞功能和促炎症单核细胞。此外,本文还对干预肠道微生物群依赖性 TMAO 水平的相关临床前和临床研究进行了总结和评估,为通过肠道微生物-TMAO 途径预防和治疗缺血性中风提供证据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gut Microbe-Generated Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Ischemic Stroke.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, the production of which in vivo is mainly regulated by dietary choices, gut microbiota, and the hepatic enzyme flavin monooxygenase (FMO), while its elimination occurs via the kidneys. The TMAO level is positively correlated with the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have found that TMAO plays an important role in the development of ischemic stroke. In this review, we describe the relationship between TMAO and ischemic stroke risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, etc.), disease risk, severity, prognostic outcomes, and recurrence and discuss the possible mechanisms by which they interact. Importantly, TMAO induces atherosclerosis and thrombosis through lipid metabolism, foam cell formation, endothelial dysfunction (via inflammation, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis), enhanced platelet hyper-reactivity, and the upregulation and activation of vascular endothelial tissue factors. Although the pathogenic mechanisms underlying TMAO's aggravation of disease severity and its effects on post-stroke neurological recovery and recurrence risk remain unclear, they may involve inflammation, astrocyte function, and pro-inflammatory monocytes. In addition, this paper provides a summary and evaluation of relevant preclinical and clinical studies on interventions regarding the gut-microbiota-dependent TMAO level to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke through the gut microbe-TMAO pathway.

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来源期刊
Biomolecules
Biomolecules Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Biology
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
3.60%
发文量
1640
审稿时长
18.28 days
期刊介绍: Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal focusing on biogenic substances and their biological functions, structures, interactions with other molecules, and their microenvironment as well as biological systems. Biomolecules publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications.  Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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