蛇化地幔楔为大断裂提供了软屏障:智利俯冲带

IF 4.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Kelin Wang , Haipeng Luo , Jiangheng He , Matias Carvajal
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人们对温度和岩石学如何控制深部大地壳的地震发生及相关危害知之甚少。以前曾有人提出,蛇纹岩化的地幔楔将限制地震破裂,但现代观测表明,近期许多地震的破裂深度远远超过地幔楔角(MWC)。然而,地幔楔蛇纹岩阻碍地震破裂的概念仍然具有重要的科学价值。在这里,通过比较巨岩温度和岩石学模型预测与智利边缘巨岩地震的仪器约束滑动分布,我们根据文献中广泛报道的不同蛇纹岩多晶体的对比摩擦行为提出了一个新的假设。在低滑动速率下,蜥蜴石(和温石棉)表现出速率增强,因此是稳定滑动,但在足够高的温度下,锑榴石表现出速率减弱,因此是粘滑。不过,它们在高滑动率下都会发生动态减弱,从而促进断裂扩展。与全球其他大多数俯冲带一样,在智利边缘的大部分地区,位于小型断裂带的大地壳和紧邻小型断裂带的大地壳都富含蜥蜴石。蜥蜴岩-蛇纹石阻碍但并不总能阻止地震断裂,形成了一道软屏障。在更远的下底层,大地壳富含反菱锰矿。反橄榄岩斑块及其密集的集合体可促进断裂传播,甚至引发断裂,其中一些较强的斑块可辐射出丰富的短周期地震能量。这种最低限度保护层 "软屏障 "假说解释了在智利沿岸观察到的不同模式的向下滑移分布:横跨最低限度保护层的双峰滑移、局限于最低限度保护层向下或向上的滑移,以及主要位于最低限度保护层向下的滑移和跨越最低限度保护层的深度延伸。该假说在质量上与全球巨推地震观测结果相吻合,并包含了非常温暖的俯冲带的例外情况。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Soft barrier to megathrust rupture enabled by serpentinized mantle wedge: The Chile subduction zone
How temperature and petrology control the seismogenesis of the deeper megathrust and associated hazard is poorly understood. It was previously proposed that the serpentinized mantle wedge would limit seismic rupture, but modern observations show many recent earthquakes to have ruptured far deeper than the mantle wedge corner (MWC). However, the notion of mantle wedge serpentinite impeding seismic rupture is still of great scientific value. Here, by comparing model predictions of megathrust temperature and petrology with instrumentally constrained slip distributions of megathrust earthquakes along the Chile margin, we propose a new hypothesis based on the contrasting frictional behaviours of different serpentine polymorphs widely reported in the literature. At low slip rates, lizardite (and chrysotile) exhibits rate-strengthening and hence stable-sliding, but antigorite, given high enough temperatures, exhibits rate-weakening and hence stick-slip. However, they both undergo dynamic weakening at high slip rates and thus can facilitate rupture propagation. Along most of the Chile margin, as in most other global subduction zones, the megathrust at and immediately downdip of the MWC is rich in lizardite. The lizardite-serpentinite impedes but cannot always stop seismic rupture, forming a soft barrier. Farther downdip, the megathrust is rich in antigorite. Antigorite patches and their dense collections can facilitate rupture propagation and even initiation, and some of the stronger patches can radiate abundant short-period seismic energy. This MWC “soft-barrier” hypothesis explains the different modes of downdip slip distribution observed along Chile: bimodal slip straddling the MWC, slip confined downdip or updip of the MWC, and slip predominantly updip of the MWC with a deep extension crossing the MWC. The hypothesis is qualitatively compatible with global observations of megathrust seismicity and embraces the exception of very warm subduction zones.
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来源期刊
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
5.70%
发文量
475
审稿时长
2.8 months
期刊介绍: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL) is a leading journal for researchers across the entire Earth and planetary sciences community. It publishes concise, exciting, high-impact articles ("Letters") of broad interest. Its focus is on physical and chemical processes, the evolution and general properties of the Earth and planets - from their deep interiors to their atmospheres. EPSL also includes a Frontiers section, featuring invited high-profile synthesis articles by leading experts on timely topics to bring cutting-edge research to the wider community.
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