Controls of paleogeomorphology on organic matter accumulation as recorded in Ordovician–Silurian marine black shales in the western South China Block

The Ordovician–Silurian transition represents a critical period marked by the formation of marine shale gas horizons within the South China Block. However, the mechanism for organic matter enrichment of Paleozoic marine shales in the western South China Block remain contentious, primarily due to insufficient understanding of paleogeomorphological evolution. In this paper, we describe the sedimentology of the Ordovician-Silurian succession composed of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the western South China Block and report new paleontological, and geochemical data for this succession to explore the relationship between basin paleogeomorphology and water mass environment. Nine graptolite zones are identified, spanning from the WF1 (Linxiang Formation) through WF2–WF4 (Wufeng Formation) to LM1–LM5 (Longmaxi Formation) in this well. Based on sedimentological and geochemical analyse results, three distinct stages of redox and paleoproductivity conditions in the water mass have been identified: (1) suboxic environments and low paleoproductivity in WF2–WF4; (2) euxinic and stagnant water conditions in LM1–LM3 accompanying with high paleoproductivity; and (3) anoxic water and low paleoproductivity in LM4–LM5. By integrating marine redox fluctuation, paleoproductivity conditions and regional hiatus (LM1-LM3) observed across multiple successions, we interpret thatthe western margin of the South China Block have been significantly affected by a collision between the South China Block and Yanbian terrane. The results of this study indicate that the accumulation of organic matter in the western margin of the South China Block was predominantly controlled by paleogeomorphology being caused by this collision event.