Electrical anisotropy in two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide/ polypyrrole-based ordered conjugated system ensure multi-stimulus response signal adapter

Electronic technology, based on signal conversion induced by voltage stimulation, forms the core foundation of the state-of-the-art intelligent devices, tools, and equipment. Such conversions are inherently binary and limited because they rely solely on voltage, which presents challenges for many emerging frontier applications. Here, a two-dimensional ordered conjugated system of reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole (rGO/PPy) has been developed. Multi-stimulus response signal adapters have been constructed, utilizing the electrical anisotropy inherent in the rGO/PPy system. This electrical anisotropy, derived from the quasi-two-dimensional geometry of rGO/PPy, enables the device to produce distinct electrical signals in response to various stimuli. With effective responses to light and pressure, the two most common input stimuli other than voltage, it can output quaternary/denary signals and visual optical signals, as well as enables information encryption using passive devices. Furthermore, the signal adapter demonstrates high cyclic stability under repeated pressure and/or light loading. The successful development of this low-cost, scalable signal adapter paves the way for the next-generation of intelligent systems, promising advancements in human-computer interaction, electronic skin, biological implant equipment, and related fields.