Photothermalprogramming of magnetic soft materials for complex and reconfigurable 3D deformations

Responsive soft materials capable of complex, reversible, and rapid geometric deformations under external stimuli hold significant potential for applications in minimally invasive medicine, wearable devices, and soft robotics. In this study, we present a novel approach for designing reconfigurable three dimensional (3D) deformable magnetic soft materials through photothermal programming. By embedding hard magnetic particles within a polymer matrix composed of fibrous polypyrrole (PPy) and semi-crystalline polymer, we develop magnetic composites that can be remotely controlled to achieve precise, programmable deformations under an external magnetic field. The key innovation lies in utilizing the photothermal effect of PPy, which temporarily alters the viscosity of the composite when irradiated with infrared light, allowing dynamic orientation of the magnetic particles. Upon cooling, the magnetic anisotropy is solidified, enabling rapid and reversible geometric changes. This method allows for intricate control over the magnetization distribution, leading to the development of multifunctional devices with various potential applications such as complex 3D deformations for soft robotics, multimodal electrical switches, rewritable quick response codes, and shape-adaptable grippers. Our study not only enhances the understanding of magnetic moment programming in soft materials but also opens new avenues for the design of adaptive and responsive materials for advanced technological applications.