Tapping into the natural aromatic potential of microbial lignin valorization towards aromatic fine chemicals†

Lignin valorization presents significant opportunities for advancing a sustainable bioeconomy and carbon neutrality goals. In this case, biological conversion of lignin offers promising pathways for the production of aromatic fine chemicals, effectively addressing the challenges associated with the heterogeneous and macromolecular structure of lignin. However, the pathways for converting lignin derivatives into aromatic chemicals remain underdeveloped, and their conversion efficiency remains unsatisfactory. This work aims to prospect the bioconversion pathways of lignin toward valuable aromatics, which aligns with the principles of the atom economy concept. A comprehensive overview of critical pathways for converting lignin into aromatic chemicals is presented together with a thorough discussion on advanced technologies essential for enhancing lignin bioconversion and aromatic synthesis. Furthermore, existing challenges and emerging strategies are explored. The findings of this study are expected to offer valuable insights into recent advancements and future directions in the biological conversion of lignin. These insights can facilitate lignin valorization and promote the development of a lignin-based bioeconomy.