Phylogeny of Seven Genomes of Monkeypox Virus - Anhui Province, China, 2023.

What is already known about this topic?: Monkeypox, first identified in Africa in 1958, is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV). Since January 2022, a global outbreak of mpox has spread to over 100 non-endemic countries. As of June 30, 2024, there have been 99,176 confirmed cases and 535 probable cases across 116 countries, resulting in 208 deaths.

What is added by this report?: This report presents an analysis of the whole genome sequences of seven MPXVs from Anhui Province. We discovered that, compared to the reference sequence (NC_063383.1), these genomes exhibit 91 nucleotide substitutions and 42 amino acid mutations. They are highly similar to genomes of MPXVs that emerged simultaneously in China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Portugal, and are classified within the IIb C.1.1 lineage, with multiple transmission chains and no new branch.

What are the implications for public health practice?: The MPXV in Anhui Province has undergone mutations in areas critical for viral replication, transcription, and immune escape, posing a risk of recurrent outbreaks. Therefore, vigilant mutation monitoring of MPXV is imperative.